2016 Vol. 40, No. 4
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2016, 40(4): 239-240, 241.
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Abstract:
2016, 40(4): 244-248.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.001
Abstract:
Objective To study the biological effects of BLM-associated protein 75(BLAP75) in ionizing radiation(IR) induced DNA damage response(DDR). Methods BLAP75 was silenced in cells by RNA interference. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was performed to quantify the DNA breaks. Also siRNA-resistant BLAP75 was expressed in BLAP75-silenced cells to rescue the phenotype. Western blot was used to examine the DDR phosphorylation upon IR. Results IR induced more DNA breaks in BLAP75-silenced cells than in 293T control cells without siRNA transfection. After expression of BLAP75 in BLAP75-silenced cells, IR induced DNA breaks were similar to 293T control cells. In response to IR, the phosphorylation level of Chk2 was higher in the BLAP75-silenced cells than in the control cells. Conclusion BLAP75 alleviates IR-induced DNA damage and possibly plays an important role in IR-induced damage response and repair.
2016, 40(4): 249-254.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.002
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of an IQQA-Liver three dimensional system in the evaluation of hepatic volume and hepatic venous drainage territory before live donor liver transplantation(LDLT) with a right lobe graft. Methods The total hepatic volume and right hemihepatic volume of 92 donors were determined with IQQA semiautomatic method(IQQAVtotal and IQQAV) and traditional CT manual method(CTVtotal and CTV). Right portal vein territorial volume(RPVTV) of 92 donors were determined, and efficient functional hepatic volume(EFHV) were obtained by simulating hepatic section and venous reconstruction schedule. The preoperative right hemihepatic volume obtained via four methods were compared with the intraoperative volume(IOV) in LDLT and then evaluated through paired t test and correlation analysis between interclass data. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The relationship of the diameter and the territorial volume of 254 hepatic vein were analyzed. Results The correlation coefficients were 0.96 for CTVtotal and IQQAVtotal and 0.93 for CTV and IQQAV. The correlation coefficients were 0.82, 0.81, 0.77, and 0.81 for IQQAV, CTV, RPVTV, EFHV, and IOV, respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.73 between the diameter and territorial volume of the hepatic vein(P≤0.01). Conclusions The hemihepatic volume obtained through IQQA-Liver was associated with IOV. However, the diameter of the tributaries of the hepatic vein cannot completely represent homologous territorial volume. EFHV should be calculated to evaluate a patient′s status before operation is performed.
2016, 40(4): 255-258.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.003
Abstract:
Objective To explore the metabolic changes in the resting brain glucose of patients with lymphoma but without brain metastasis. Methods A total of 102 patients with histologically confirmed lymphoma without treatment underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. The whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT images of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Fifteen patients suffered from Hodgkin′s lymphoma and 87 of them had non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma. Seventy-seven healthy subjects were included as controls for comparison. The metabolic changes in resting brain glucose of the 102 patients with lymphoma were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping software. Results Compared with the control group, hypometabolic brain areas in the patients with lymphoma were observed mainly in the bilateral superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri; bilateral superior frontal gyrus; right middle frontal gyrus; and right cerebellum. Hypermetabolic areas were not observed in our patients. Conclusions The reduced metabolic cerebral regions in the patients with lymphoma involved a number of functional regions related to mood disorder and immunity.
2016, 40(4): 259-262.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.004
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effect of fine individual 131I treatment on patients with Graves disease hyperthyroidism. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of fine individual 131I treatment on 265 cases of Graves disease hyperthyroidism. On the basis of thyroid size, the thyroid′s maximum radioiodine uptake, and the toxic nodular, the individual treatment correction coefficient was introduced to appropriately adjust the 131I dose. The therapeutic effect was evaluated through thyroid function tests 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Results The clinical symptoms in the 265 patients with Graves disease hyperthyroidism significantly improved after the fine individual 131I treatment in 3 and 6 months. Out of the 265 Graves disease cases, the 131I therapy was effective for 168(63.4%) cases after 3 months of treatment, and the hypothyroidism incidence rate caused by the treatment was 66 (24.9%). The 131I therapy was effective for 216(81.5%) cases after 6 months of treatment, and the hypothyroidism incidence rate caused by the treatment was 74(27.9%). Conclusion The fine individual 131I treatment of Graves disease hyperthyroidism indicated a good curative effect, which is noteworthy and promising in clinical treatment.
2016, 40(4): 263-266.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.005
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Objective To analyze the setup errors of two immobilization techniques(pillow + head-and-neck shoulder mask and vacuum bag + head-and-neck shoulder mask)with KV- cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) for head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. Methods Sixty head-and-neck cancer patients who diagnosed and treated in Panyu central hospital were randomly selected and divided into two groups(29 patients of pillow + head-and-neck shoulder mask group and 31 patients of vacuum bag + head-and-neck shoulder mask group). CBCT was weekly carried out before treatment delivery. Then, the CBCT images were matched with the planned CT images in order to get the setup errors in left-right, superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the differences. Results In the pillow + head-and-neck shoulder mask group, the average setup errors values in the left-right, superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions were(0.07±1.70), (0.45±1.53), (0.39±1.62) mm, respectively. Also in the vacuum bag + head-and-neck shoulder mask group, the average setup errors values were(-0.05±1.39), (0.13±1.37), (0.08±1.25) mm, respectively. And in the left -right direction, there was no statistically significant difference(t=0.729, P > 0.05). While, in the superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions, both of which had statistically significant difference(t=2.093 and 2.039, both P < 0.05). Conclusion The vacuum bag+head-and-neck shoulder mask fixed technique was more accurate when compared to the pillow+head-and-neck shoulder mask fixation method, which has the smaller setup errors and the better position repeatability.
2016, 40(4): 267-271, 276.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.006
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the feasibility of accelerating MR scan by modifying the scanning parameters. Methods First, the spine cho(SE) T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences of neck soft tissue were used to scan the transverse(Tra) slices of the special quality control phantom of the Philips Achieva 1.5T system. The FOV/Matrix/Voxel, SENSE, Min.TR, TE, and TSE factor were modified in the "Geometry, Contrast" mode of the data acquisition interface to accelerate the scanning speed. The phantom was scanned at the same time the scanning parameters were modified. Finally, the total scan duration(TSD) of the corresponding sequences was compared. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), non-uniformity(NU) in the ROI, and profile curve in the X-direction of the Tra images were used to evaluate image quality before and after the scanning parameters were modified. Paired t-test was used to analyze the quantitative data. Results Approximately 38.5 s(25.56%) and 40.0 s(22.22%)were saved corresponded to the T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, respectively, after the scanning parameters were modified. Visual differences in the images and profile curves of the corresponding sequences were not found between before and after the modification of scanning parameters. The mean SNRs of the T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences increased slightly after the modification, but the differences were not significant(t=-1.891, P＝0.199;t=-1.474, P＝0.278). The mean NUs slightly decreased after the modification, but the differences were also not significant(t=0.802, P＝0.507;t=0.168, P＝0.882). Conclusion The phantom test showed that the MR scan speed was accelerated and image quality was ensured by modifying the scanning parameters.
2016, 40(4): 272-276.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.007
Abstract:
Objective To test and analyze out-of-field organ dose in intracranial tumor radiotherapy with or without wedges and in different radiation field areas. Methods The absorbed doses of out-of-field organs were measured using a thermoluminescent dosimeter by intracranial tumor radiotherapy simulation in the domestic phantom. The tests were grouped according to radiation field areas and techniques. Common square field techniques do not use wedges, whereas 3D conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) uses wedges. The radiation field area was divided into 2 cm × 2 cm and 4 cm × 4 cm fields. Results The absorbed doses of out-of-field organs ranged from 0.13 mGy to 2.83 mGy per 100 cGy prescription dose. The doses of organs adjacent to the target area are higher after irradiation using the 4 cm × 4 cm field than after irradiation using the 2 cm × 2 cm field(t=-5.023, P=0.004); however, no statistically significant(t= -1.438, P=0.171) difference can be found in organs non-adjacent to the target area. The doses of organs are higher after irradiation using 3D-CRT with a wedge than after irradiation using common square field techniques without a wedge regardless of whether the organs are adjacent to the target area or not(t头 = -2.805, P=0.038; t腹 =-11.966, P=0.000). Conclusions The absorbed doses of out-of-field organs of the patients who received intracranial tumor radiotherapy are associated with radiation field areas and techniques. The doses of organs adjacent to the target area increase as the radiation field area increases in size. Given a uniform radiation field area and prescription dose, the absorbed doses of out-of-field organs irradiated by radiotherapy techniques with wedges are higher than those of organs irradiated by radiotherapy techniques without wedges.
2016, 40(4): 277-281.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.008
Abstract:
Prostate cancer has become one of the most common clinical malignant tumors worldwide, and the incidence of prostate cancer in our country is rising. 18F-FDG is a broad-spectrum nonspecific tumor imaging agent with important value in numerous tumors. According to clinical practice, the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of early prostate is limited. Recent studies found that 18F-FDG PET/CT is still crucial in the clinical staging, curative effect evaluation, and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer. This paper mainly introduces the application and progress of PET/CT in prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer has become one of the most common clinical malignant tumors worldwide, and the incidence of prostate cancer in our country is rising. 18F-FDG is a broad-spectrum nonspecific tumor imaging agent with important value in numerous tumors. According to clinical practice, the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of early prostate is limited. Recent studies found that 18F-FDG PET/CT is still crucial in the clinical staging, curative effect evaluation, and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer. This paper mainly introduces the application and progress of PET/CT in prostate cancer.
2016, 40(4): 282-286.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.009
Abstract:
Esophageal cancer has high incidence and mortality rates in our country. The number of mortality is greater than that of incidence, thus indicating that many problems still occur in esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment. The present diagnosis of esophageal cancer includes gastrointestinal angiography, endoscopic biopsy, and CT, among others. As a new method, PET/CT breaks through the limitation of traditional inspection by combining the metabolic and CT images. This combination has a unique value in diagnosis, tumor staging, efficacy evaluation, prognosis, and other aspects of esophageal cancer. This article reviews the latest research.
Esophageal cancer has high incidence and mortality rates in our country. The number of mortality is greater than that of incidence, thus indicating that many problems still occur in esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment. The present diagnosis of esophageal cancer includes gastrointestinal angiography, endoscopic biopsy, and CT, among others. As a new method, PET/CT breaks through the limitation of traditional inspection by combining the metabolic and CT images. This combination has a unique value in diagnosis, tumor staging, efficacy evaluation, prognosis, and other aspects of esophageal cancer. This article reviews the latest research.
2016, 40(4): 287-292, 296.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.010
Abstract:
The incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is currently high. The disease can be diagnosed and treated by numerous methods, including transcranial doppler, CT angiography, MRI, digital subtraction angiography and cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging of resting and stress states. In these methods, the clinical application of stressed cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging is very wide and includes vertical load tests, CO2 inhalation load tests, acetazolamide stress tests, dipyridamole stress tests, and adenosine stress tests. Stressed cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging can provide an objective basis for the early diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, prognostic estimation, and evaluation of brain reserve function.
The incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is currently high. The disease can be diagnosed and treated by numerous methods, including transcranial doppler, CT angiography, MRI, digital subtraction angiography and cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging of resting and stress states. In these methods, the clinical application of stressed cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging is very wide and includes vertical load tests, CO2 inhalation load tests, acetazolamide stress tests, dipyridamole stress tests, and adenosine stress tests. Stressed cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging can provide an objective basis for the early diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, prognostic estimation, and evaluation of brain reserve function.
2016, 40(4): 293-296.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.011
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Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA) has become a noninvasive method with high accuracy for evaluation of the coronary artery morphology, meanwhile, people have been paying more attention to the high radiation dose delivered during the imaging procedure. In recent years, it has been a hot research topic of keeping the radiation dose as low as possible with no sacrifice of the imaging quality. This article summarized and explored the advances of methods in reducing radiation dose for CCTA.
Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA) has become a noninvasive method with high accuracy for evaluation of the coronary artery morphology, meanwhile, people have been paying more attention to the high radiation dose delivered during the imaging procedure. In recent years, it has been a hot research topic of keeping the radiation dose as low as possible with no sacrifice of the imaging quality. This article summarized and explored the advances of methods in reducing radiation dose for CCTA.
2016, 40(4): 297-300.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.012
Abstract:
At present, the exact pathogenesis of the ectopic thyroid is still unknown, but the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid have been established. Thyroid static imaging is the gold standard for the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid. This article reviewed the progress of pathogenisis, most often occurring location, diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid and try to provide more evidence for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
At present, the exact pathogenesis of the ectopic thyroid is still unknown, but the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid have been established. Thyroid static imaging is the gold standard for the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid. This article reviewed the progress of pathogenisis, most often occurring location, diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid and try to provide more evidence for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
2016, 40(4): 301-305.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.013
Abstract:
In recent years, dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging via dual-source CT has been extensively used in clinical diagnoses and research. This technique can reflect the condition of myocardial microcirculation blood flow, qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate myocardial blood flow, identify myocardial microcirculation and myocardial viability, assess myocardial damage caused by myocardial ischemia, and assess the coronary artery. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the diagnosis of myocardial damage demonstrated good consistency with pathologic tissue examination. Compared with other techniques, dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging provides more detailed clinical information. This paper reviews the progress of dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging via dual-source CT in clinical applications.
In recent years, dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging via dual-source CT has been extensively used in clinical diagnoses and research. This technique can reflect the condition of myocardial microcirculation blood flow, qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate myocardial blood flow, identify myocardial microcirculation and myocardial viability, assess myocardial damage caused by myocardial ischemia, and assess the coronary artery. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the diagnosis of myocardial damage demonstrated good consistency with pathologic tissue examination. Compared with other techniques, dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging provides more detailed clinical information. This paper reviews the progress of dual-energy myocardial perfusion imaging via dual-source CT in clinical applications.
2016, 40(4): 306-311.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.014
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Heavy ions are charged particles that have an inverted depth-dose profile because of the so-called Bragg peak. Heavy ions(densely ionizing radiation) have a higher relative biological effectiveness than photons. This review focused on the differences in biological effectiveness of radiation between heavy ions and low-linear energy transfer photons at cellular and molecular levels.
Heavy ions are charged particles that have an inverted depth-dose profile because of the so-called Bragg peak. Heavy ions(densely ionizing radiation) have a higher relative biological effectiveness than photons. This review focused on the differences in biological effectiveness of radiation between heavy ions and low-linear energy transfer photons at cellular and molecular levels.
2016, 40(4): 312-317.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2016.04.015
Abstract:
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by ionizing radiation attack vital macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids and Proteins, thus causing cell and tissue damage. The major source of radiation-induced ROS production is believed to be associated with mitochondria. Removal of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by electron scavengers and antioxidants is a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of radiation exposure. Mitochondrial targeting antioxidants and electron scavengers have been suggested as promising radioprotectors due to their well ability to remove of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Papers about mitochondrial targeting drug delivery systems have been publicated in recent years. Technique of mitochondrial targeting drug delivery system, potential application in radiation protection and its development trend are discussed in this review.
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by ionizing radiation attack vital macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids and Proteins, thus causing cell and tissue damage. The major source of radiation-induced ROS production is believed to be associated with mitochondria. Removal of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by electron scavengers and antioxidants is a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of radiation exposure. Mitochondrial targeting antioxidants and electron scavengers have been suggested as promising radioprotectors due to their well ability to remove of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Papers about mitochondrial targeting drug delivery systems have been publicated in recent years. Technique of mitochondrial targeting drug delivery system, potential application in radiation protection and its development trend are discussed in this review.
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