2014 Vol. 38, No. 1
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2014, 38(1): 1-4, 47.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.001
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Abstract:
Objective To compare and analyze the difference of measured glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of ectopic pelvic kidney between anterior and posterior imaging processing in renal dynamic imaging. Methods Methods There were 10 patients collected retrospectively, with ectopic kidneys in pelvic cavity confirmed by ultrasound, CT, renal dynamic imaging and other imaging modalities. All images of ectopic kidneys in renal dynamic imaging were processed by anterior and posterior methods respectively. The ectopic kidney was only processed in anterior imaging, ectopic kidney and contralateral normal kidney were processed in posterior imaging. Total GFR equalled the sum of GFR of normal kidney in posterior imaging and GFR of ectopic kidney in anterior imaging, was compared with total GFR of two kidneys in posterior imaging and GFR in two-sample method. Allcorrelation analysis were completed between GFRs from three methods and all patients were followed up. Statistically paired t-test and bivariate correlation analysis test were used. Results The mean GFR of ectopic kidney in anterior imaging equal to(27.48±12.24) ml/(min·1.73 m2). It was more than GFR[(10.71±4.74) ml/(min·1.73 m2)] in posterior imaging above 46%(t=5.481, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference(t=-2.238, P>0.05), but better correlation(r=0.704, P < 0.05)between total GFR in anterior imaging and GFR in two-sample method. There was significant difference(t=4.629, P < 0.01)and worse correlation(r=0.576, P>0.05)between total GFR in posterior imaging and GFR in two-sample method. Conclusions Comparing with GFR in posterior imaging, GFR in anterior imaging can more truly reflect function condition of ectopic pelvic kidney in renal dynamic imaging.
2014, 38(1): 5-9.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.002
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the radiosensitivity enhancement of Au nanoparticles to HepG2 cell. Methods 15 nm polyethylene-glycol-coated(PEG) Au nanoparticles were synthesized, and then blood stability were tested by using the UV-vis optical absorption. Meanwhile, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide methods were used to investigate the cell viability after 24 and 48 hours treatments, and cloning formation were used to investigate the radiosensitivity enhancement. Results It was found that PEG-coated Au nanoparticles presented a high blood stability, and surface plasmon response has not shown significant changes after 24 hours. Cell viability was decreased after 24 hours treatment, but it was recovered to 90% after 48 hours. Cloning formation showed Au nanoparticles presented a significant radiosensitivity enhancement. Conclusions 15 nm PEG-coated Au nanoparticles presented a good blood stability, low cytotoxicity and high radiosensitivity enhancement.
2014, 38(1): 10-14.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.003
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effect of lithium carbonate plus 131I in the treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism. Methods One hundred patients with Graves hyperthyroidism were enrolled in this study. All of them were randomly divided in to 2 groups: groupⅠwith 50 patients treated with 131I and groupⅡwith 50 patients treated with lithium carbonate plus 131I. Patients in groupⅡwere treated with a dose of 0.5 g per day(2×0.25 g) of lithium carbonate for 15 days before and after the administration of 131I. Thyroid weight was estimated by ultrasonography and careful palpation of the thyroid before treatment, and no significance were found between this two groups. Radiation absorbed dose rate in the front of neck was measured respectively 15, 30 and 45 d after the administration of 131I. Serum concentrations of TSH, free triiodothyrosine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) were tested respectively before and 30, 45, 90, 180 days after administration of 131I. Results The radiation absorbed dose rate in the front of neck were decreased gradually as time went on after 131I therapy in each group. In general, the difference of radiation absorbed dose rate among different monitor term were significant (H=132.46, and 132.47, all P < 0.01)in same group. The difference of radiation absorbed dose rate between each other at 15, 30 and 45 d were significant(t=88.51, 113.7, 59.42 in groupⅠ, and 83.44, 112.76, 70.18 in groupⅡ, all P < 0.01), all of which in same monitor term were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than those in groupⅠ(t=8.81, 15.18, 10.10, all P < 0.01). The mean serum TSH of each group before and all different time periods after treatment were below the normal range(0.55~4.78 mIU/L) without significant difference (F=1.23, P>0.05). In general, the differences of fT3 and fT4 values in all groups were significant(FfT3=9.65, FfT4=22.45, all P < 0.01)before and after treatment. The fT3 and fT4 values in both groups rose significantly 30 days after therapy (tfT3=5.23, tfT4=10.14 in groupⅠ, tfT3=5.12, tfT4=9.98 in groupⅡ, all P < 0.01), then decreased gradually to the normal ranges. The fT3 and fT4 values in groupⅡwere much lower than those in groupⅠ(tfT3=8.22, tfT4=19.18, all P < 0.01)30 days after therapy, no significance were found in other time periods. Cure rate of hyperthyroidism was achieved in 36 of the 50 patients (72%) in groupⅠand in 38 of the 50 patients (76%) in groupⅡwithout significant difference. There were no significant differences in curative effect of the two groups(χ2=0.21, P > 0.05). Conclusions For patients withdrawing of ATD and those with short effective half-time, as well as those intolerant or invalid, the short term addition of lithium to 131I allows for a better control of thyrotoxia and the completeness of treatment. But there have not been observed that lithium carbonate plus 131I can improve the long term cure rate of Graves hyperthyroidism.
2014, 38(1): 15-18, 58.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.004
Abstract:
Objective To analyze and explore the possible mechanism for pelvic 131I uptake after 131I post treatment whole body scan(RX-WBS)in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods ① Data were retrospectively reviewed from 168 female patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(everyone has a RX-WBS). ②46 patients were accepted by analyzing the characteristics of Rx-WBS and combing with some inclusion criteria, and then followed up. Results Among the 46 patients(46 positions accumulated 131I)with significant pelvic 131I uptake, 6 patients had two reasons leading to pelvic 131I uptake, and 2 patients had no specific reason. Among the 50 reasons for pelvic 131I uptake, 41 reasons related with uterus, 3 reasons related to rectum, 5 related to bladder and 1 related to ovarian chocolate cyst. Among the 41 reasons related to uterus, by combining the examinations of SPECT/CT, ultrasound, CT and the follow-up results, 18 were uterine leiomyomas, 9 were intrauterine devices, 2 were endometrial thickening, 3 were uterine cavity effusion, 7 were menstrual periods, 1 were uterine adenomyosis, 1 were gestational sac. Conclusions ① In the Rx-WBS of female, the significant pelvic 131I uptake is generally caused by uterus, but not bladder. And it usually means gynecological disease, especially uterine leiomyomas when excluding physiological factors. ②It is generally easy to differentiate bladder from rectum because they have different characteristic features of the pelvic 131I uptake. ③SPECT/CT plays a very important role in locating 131I uptake in uterus.
2014, 38(1): 19-21.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.005
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of self-made 90Sr applicator retainer on reducing radiation doses to medical personnel and improving their health status. Methods Self-made 90Sr applicator retainer was used in radiation therapy instead of traditionally holding the applicator in hand.The individual annual dose equivalent, peripheral white blood cell count and lymphocyte chromosome aberration rate of medical personnel before and after the application of 90Sr applicator retainer were analyzed comparatively. Results The individual annual dose equivalent was significantly reduced after the application of 90Sr applicator retainer(t=11.40, P < 0.01). The peripheral white blood cell count was significantly improved after the application(t=-3.75, P < 0.01). Conclusions The application of 90Sr applicator retainer significantly reduced individual radiation doses, improved peripheral white blood cell count and effectively protected the health of medical personnel.
2014, 38(1): 22-32.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.006
Abstract:
Estrogen receptor(ER), one member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, via binding to estrogen, plays important roles in development and metabolism of human tissues and organs as well as a number of diseases, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis. Co-regulators, one important kind of factors in the ER transcriptional signaling, increase(as co-activators) or reduce(as co-repressors)ER-mediated transcriptional activity via direct and indirect binding to ER. Increasing evidence has revealed that a short α-helical sequence LXXLL motif(where L is leucine, X is any amino acid), widely present in many co-regulators, especially co-activators, plays an essential or necessary role in co-regulator interaction with ER. To explore the involved mechanism(s) will be helpful in understanding the critical role of LXXLL motif in the interaction of co-regulators and ER. This review briefly describes the potential roles of LXXLL motif in the involvement of ER co-regulators in modulation of ER signaling and underlying mechanisms as well as current progress in developing pharmaceutical agents that modulate ER-coregulator interaction via specifically targeting LXXLL motifs in therapy of hormone-associated cancers.
Estrogen receptor(ER), one member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, via binding to estrogen, plays important roles in development and metabolism of human tissues and organs as well as a number of diseases, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis. Co-regulators, one important kind of factors in the ER transcriptional signaling, increase(as co-activators) or reduce(as co-repressors)ER-mediated transcriptional activity via direct and indirect binding to ER. Increasing evidence has revealed that a short α-helical sequence LXXLL motif(where L is leucine, X is any amino acid), widely present in many co-regulators, especially co-activators, plays an essential or necessary role in co-regulator interaction with ER. To explore the involved mechanism(s) will be helpful in understanding the critical role of LXXLL motif in the interaction of co-regulators and ER. This review briefly describes the potential roles of LXXLL motif in the involvement of ER co-regulators in modulation of ER signaling and underlying mechanisms as well as current progress in developing pharmaceutical agents that modulate ER-coregulator interaction via specifically targeting LXXLL motifs in therapy of hormone-associated cancers.
2014, 38(1): 33-36.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.007
Abstract:
Integrin αvβ3, highly expressed in tumor cells and tumor vasculature endothelial cells but rarely expressed in mature vessels or normal tissues, and it can specifically recognize and combine with the peptides which containing tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD). Some stable RGD peptides and RGD-bombesin heterodimers are synthesized by structure modification and multimerization of RGD peptides. These RGD peptides labeled with gamma-emitting and positron-emitting nuclides have been reported as the target tumor imaging research hotspot, and clinical trials are under way. The PET/CT, SPECT/CT and PET/MRI multimode imaging are focused on the quantitative analysis of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression level and anti-angiogenesis patient screening, therapeutic effect evaluation and real time monitoring.
Integrin αvβ3, highly expressed in tumor cells and tumor vasculature endothelial cells but rarely expressed in mature vessels or normal tissues, and it can specifically recognize and combine with the peptides which containing tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD). Some stable RGD peptides and RGD-bombesin heterodimers are synthesized by structure modification and multimerization of RGD peptides. These RGD peptides labeled with gamma-emitting and positron-emitting nuclides have been reported as the target tumor imaging research hotspot, and clinical trials are under way. The PET/CT, SPECT/CT and PET/MRI multimode imaging are focused on the quantitative analysis of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression level and anti-angiogenesis patient screening, therapeutic effect evaluation and real time monitoring.
2014, 38(1): 37-41.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.008
Abstract:
The diagnosis of coronary heart disease increasingly depends on referring and combining the information from a variety of imaging techniques. The fusion imaging of the anatomy and function provides a convenient "one stop" examination which improves the existing imaging examination process. The development of the image fusion techniques, such as SPECT/coronary angiography, SPECT/CT, especially PET/CT, has shown a larger value in the diagnosis, risk stratification, clinical treatment guidance and efficacy prognosis of coronary heart disease than a single imaging examination, while the more complete data of the image and the quantitative analysis provide more useful information for the clinic.
The diagnosis of coronary heart disease increasingly depends on referring and combining the information from a variety of imaging techniques. The fusion imaging of the anatomy and function provides a convenient "one stop" examination which improves the existing imaging examination process. The development of the image fusion techniques, such as SPECT/coronary angiography, SPECT/CT, especially PET/CT, has shown a larger value in the diagnosis, risk stratification, clinical treatment guidance and efficacy prognosis of coronary heart disease than a single imaging examination, while the more complete data of the image and the quantitative analysis provide more useful information for the clinic.
2014, 38(1): 42-47.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.009
Abstract:
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)is the most common malignant tumor of thyroid gland, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma and the mixed type. Treatment methods include surgery, radioactive iodine treatment and endocrine treatment, in which radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma is an important part of the treatment or procedure. With the ongoing research and exploration of radiation treatment, the recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone assisted in radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid remnants, radioactive iodine to remove a lot of residual thyroid tissue, the radioactive iodine dose selection and other aspects of knowledge and practice are constantly updated. This paper summarizes recent progess in the radioactive iodine ablation.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)is the most common malignant tumor of thyroid gland, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma and the mixed type. Treatment methods include surgery, radioactive iodine treatment and endocrine treatment, in which radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma is an important part of the treatment or procedure. With the ongoing research and exploration of radiation treatment, the recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone assisted in radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid remnants, radioactive iodine to remove a lot of residual thyroid tissue, the radioactive iodine dose selection and other aspects of knowledge and practice are constantly updated. This paper summarizes recent progess in the radioactive iodine ablation.
2014, 38(1): 48-52, 63.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.010
Abstract:
Thyroid nodules was a common clinical disease. There are many characteristic imaging techniques used for the detection and characterization of thyroid nodules, including ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, MRI, CT and PET/CT. This article reviewed advanced research of the imaging techniques which mentioned above. Comparing the performance of these imaging techniques, ultrasound has been the prefer imaging technique in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Meanwhile using other imaging examinations can provide more informations for clinic.
Thyroid nodules was a common clinical disease. There are many characteristic imaging techniques used for the detection and characterization of thyroid nodules, including ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, MRI, CT and PET/CT. This article reviewed advanced research of the imaging techniques which mentioned above. Comparing the performance of these imaging techniques, ultrasound has been the prefer imaging technique in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Meanwhile using other imaging examinations can provide more informations for clinic.
2014, 38(1): 53-58.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.011
Abstract:
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, and the incidence of prostate cancer in China shows an upward trend. MRI has high soft tissue resolution and multi-dimensional imaging advantages, and it can better show the anatomy of the prostate and adjacent tissue structures. With the development of MR technique, it plays a more and more important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. This review starts from the imaging performance of routine MRI sequence of prostate cancer, and a variety of functional MRI applications in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are described in detail, such as MR perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, MR diffusion-weighted imaging, MR diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging, MR susceptibility-weighted imaging. Meanwhile this review introduces that functional MRI has more advantages and can provide more image information than routine MRI sequence. According to a series of semi-quantitative and quantitative data, functional MRI can further provide the blood perfusion of prostate cancer, water molecule diffusion and microcirculation state, metabolism and biochemical composition change information.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, and the incidence of prostate cancer in China shows an upward trend. MRI has high soft tissue resolution and multi-dimensional imaging advantages, and it can better show the anatomy of the prostate and adjacent tissue structures. With the development of MR technique, it plays a more and more important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. This review starts from the imaging performance of routine MRI sequence of prostate cancer, and a variety of functional MRI applications in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are described in detail, such as MR perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, MR diffusion-weighted imaging, MR diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging, MR susceptibility-weighted imaging. Meanwhile this review introduces that functional MRI has more advantages and can provide more image information than routine MRI sequence. According to a series of semi-quantitative and quantitative data, functional MRI can further provide the blood perfusion of prostate cancer, water molecule diffusion and microcirculation state, metabolism and biochemical composition change information.
2014, 38(1): 59-63.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.012
Abstract:
PET/CT is playing an important role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. But the respiratory motion artifact may bring trouble in diagnosis and therapy. There are many methods to correct the respiratory motion artifact. Respiratory gated PET/CT is applied most extensively of them. Using respiratory gated PET/CT to correct respiratory motion artifact can increase the maximum standardized uptake value of lung lesion obviously, thereby improving the quality of image and accuracy of diagnosis.
PET/CT is playing an important role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. But the respiratory motion artifact may bring trouble in diagnosis and therapy. There are many methods to correct the respiratory motion artifact. Respiratory gated PET/CT is applied most extensively of them. Using respiratory gated PET/CT to correct respiratory motion artifact can increase the maximum standardized uptake value of lung lesion obviously, thereby improving the quality of image and accuracy of diagnosis.
2014, 38(1): 64-67.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.01.013
Abstract:
Osteoarthritis(OA) is also called degenerative osteoarthritis, which is often occurring in the elderly. Presently, three kinds of treatments for OA at home and abroad are non-druggery treatment, medication and surgical therapy. But, currently there is no known cure for OA, nor are there effective interventions to change or slow this disease progression. In recent years, there is new recognition about pathogeny, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of OA. Especially it plays more and more important role of the effect of cytokine in the pathogenic process and the diagnosis of OA, and new therapies are coming in succession. This article sums up the therapy and the new progress of the treatment for OA.
Osteoarthritis(OA) is also called degenerative osteoarthritis, which is often occurring in the elderly. Presently, three kinds of treatments for OA at home and abroad are non-druggery treatment, medication and surgical therapy. But, currently there is no known cure for OA, nor are there effective interventions to change or slow this disease progression. In recent years, there is new recognition about pathogeny, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of OA. Especially it plays more and more important role of the effect of cytokine in the pathogenic process and the diagnosis of OA, and new therapies are coming in succession. This article sums up the therapy and the new progress of the treatment for OA.
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