2011 Vol. 35, No. 3
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2011, 35(3): 129-133.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.001
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Abstract:
Multimodality imaging is the general trend of clinical imaging.PET-CT is one of the most classic and mature multimodality imaging methods and is widely used today.MRI is another kind of conventional imaging method, in contrast to CT, MRI can not only yield images with higher soft-tissue contrast and better spatial resolution but also provide some functional information by special imaging techniques such as MRS.The combination of PET and MRI for simultaneous data acquisition should have far-reaching consequences for clinical and scientific study.This review describes the progress to date and talks about the problems met in the development of PET-MRI and look forward to its potential application.
Multimodality imaging is the general trend of clinical imaging.PET-CT is one of the most classic and mature multimodality imaging methods and is widely used today.MRI is another kind of conventional imaging method, in contrast to CT, MRI can not only yield images with higher soft-tissue contrast and better spatial resolution but also provide some functional information by special imaging techniques such as MRS.The combination of PET and MRI for simultaneous data acquisition should have far-reaching consequences for clinical and scientific study.This review describes the progress to date and talks about the problems met in the development of PET-MRI and look forward to its potential application.
2011, 35(3): 133-137.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.002
Abstract:
The emerging and growing in popularity of PET-CT scanner brings us the convenience and cognizes the advantages such as diagnosis, staging, curative effect evaluation and prognosis for malignant tumor.And the PET-MRI installing maybe a new upsurge when the machine gradually mature, because of the MRI examination without the radiation exposure and with the higher soft tissue resolution.This paper summarized the developing course of image fusion technology and some researches of clinical application about PET-MRI at present, in order to help people to understand the functions and know its wide application of the upcoming new instrument, mainly focuses the applications on the central nervous system and some soft tissue lesions.And before PET-MRI popularization, people can still carry out some researches of various image fusion and clinical application on the current equipment.
The emerging and growing in popularity of PET-CT scanner brings us the convenience and cognizes the advantages such as diagnosis, staging, curative effect evaluation and prognosis for malignant tumor.And the PET-MRI installing maybe a new upsurge when the machine gradually mature, because of the MRI examination without the radiation exposure and with the higher soft tissue resolution.This paper summarized the developing course of image fusion technology and some researches of clinical application about PET-MRI at present, in order to help people to understand the functions and know its wide application of the upcoming new instrument, mainly focuses the applications on the central nervous system and some soft tissue lesions.And before PET-MRI popularization, people can still carry out some researches of various image fusion and clinical application on the current equipment.
2011, 35(3): 138-145.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.003
Abstract:
Multimodality imaging with PET-CTand SPECT-CT has become commonplace in clinical practice and in preclinical and basic biomedical research.Although PET-CT is already an established clinical tool it still bears some limitations.To overcome these limitations, recent research concentrates on the combination of PET and MRI into one single machine.Combined PET-MRI allows for multi-parametric imaging and reveals one or more functional processes simultaneously along with high-resolution morphology.Especially in small-animal research, where high soft tissue contrast is required, andthescantimeaswellasradiation dose are critical factors, the combination of PET and MRI would be beneficial compared with PET-CT.
Multimodality imaging with PET-CTand SPECT-CT has become commonplace in clinical practice and in preclinical and basic biomedical research.Although PET-CT is already an established clinical tool it still bears some limitations.To overcome these limitations, recent research concentrates on the combination of PET and MRI into one single machine.Combined PET-MRI allows for multi-parametric imaging and reveals one or more functional processes simultaneously along with high-resolution morphology.Especially in small-animal research, where high soft tissue contrast is required, andthescantimeaswellasradiation dose are critical factors, the combination of PET and MRI would be beneficial compared with PET-CT.
2011, 35(3): 146-151.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.004
Abstract:
PET can observe the biological behavior of cell at the molecular level.18F-FDG is the most widely used glucose metabolic imaging agent.3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine(18F-FLT)is the most commonly used cell proliferation imaging agent.They both have been deeply researched in the diagnosis and staging of tumor.In recent years, researchers have paid more attention to monitoring the outcome of tumor therapy, especially to the relation between the uptake value variation of 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT before and during radiochemotherapy and tumor volume, cell proliferation, and cell cycle.This article was a research summary of the assessment of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in the outcome of cancer chemotherapy.
PET can observe the biological behavior of cell at the molecular level.18F-FDG is the most widely used glucose metabolic imaging agent.3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine(18F-FLT)is the most commonly used cell proliferation imaging agent.They both have been deeply researched in the diagnosis and staging of tumor.In recent years, researchers have paid more attention to monitoring the outcome of tumor therapy, especially to the relation between the uptake value variation of 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT before and during radiochemotherapy and tumor volume, cell proliferation, and cell cycle.This article was a research summary of the assessment of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in the outcome of cancer chemotherapy.
2011, 35(3): 151-153.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.005
Abstract:
The evaluation of salivary gland function plays an important role in diagnosis, therapeutic decision and follow-up of patients with Sjögren's symptoms.As a non-invasive and easy-to-perform method, salivary gland scintigraphy has been accepted as a criterion for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome by the American-European consensus group.This study aims at to review the advances in application of salivary gland scintigraphy on the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
The evaluation of salivary gland function plays an important role in diagnosis, therapeutic decision and follow-up of patients with Sjögren's symptoms.As a non-invasive and easy-to-perform method, salivary gland scintigraphy has been accepted as a criterion for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome by the American-European consensus group.This study aims at to review the advances in application of salivary gland scintigraphy on the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
2011, 35(3): 154-158.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.006
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the role of dual phase scan combine high resolution computerized tomography(HRCT)by 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule(SPN). Methods 173 patients with SPN demonstrated by CT, All these patients underwent dual time point combine HRCT 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.The imaging protocol included the early imaging combine HRCT of PETCT at 50-60 min and delayed imaging of PET at 2-2.5 h post injection 18F-FDG.The standardized uptake value(SUV)was calculated for both time points.All results were expressed as the percentage change in SUV. According to characteristic in focal morphology by HRCT found, general inspection and diagnosis were benign or malignant, It was compared the result and following up result. Results Histopathology demonstrated or following up result 41 patients with malignant lesions and 132 patients with benign lesions.The SUV of malignant lesions was SUV 6.26±0.72 in early imaging, ,and 6.88±0.74 in delayed imaging.The retention index of malignant lesions was(42.50±3.87)%.The SUV of benign lesions was 2.84±0.41 in early imaging, and 2.73±0.36 in delayed imaging.The retention index of benign lesions was(26.90±7.23)%. Conslusions 18F-FDG PET-CT dual time point imaging combine HRCT is a simple practical method and accurate ratio high for the diagnosis of SPN.The method will be widely clinically practised.
2011, 35(3): 158-166.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.007
Abstract:
Nuclear cardiology is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays an important role in their assessment and management.Quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography is used to assess quantitatively cardiac volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac diastolic function.Resting and stress myocardial perfu-sion imaging can not only identify nonischemic heart failure and ischemic heart failure, but aslo demonstrat myocardial viability.Diastolic heart failure aslo termed as heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction is readily identified by nuclear cardiology techniques and can accurately be estimated by peak filling rate and time to peak filling rate.With newer techniques such as three-dimensional, quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography can assess movement of the left ventricle, and wall thickening evaluation aids its assessment.Myocardial perfusion imaging is also commonly used to identify candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapies.Neurotransmitter imaging using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine offers prognostic information in patients with heart failure. Metabolism and function in the heart are closely related, and energy substrate metabolism is a potential target of medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure.Cardiac metabolic imaging using 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecacoic acid is a commonly used tracer in clinical studies to diagnose metabolic heart failure.Nuclear cardiology tests, including neurotransmitter imaging and metabolic imaging, are now easily preformed with new tracers to improve heart failure diagnosis.Nuclear cardiology techniques contribute significantly to identifying patients with heart failure and to guiding their management decisions.
Nuclear cardiology is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays an important role in their assessment and management.Quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography is used to assess quantitatively cardiac volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac diastolic function.Resting and stress myocardial perfu-sion imaging can not only identify nonischemic heart failure and ischemic heart failure, but aslo demonstrat myocardial viability.Diastolic heart failure aslo termed as heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction is readily identified by nuclear cardiology techniques and can accurately be estimated by peak filling rate and time to peak filling rate.With newer techniques such as three-dimensional, quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography can assess movement of the left ventricle, and wall thickening evaluation aids its assessment.Myocardial perfusion imaging is also commonly used to identify candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapies.Neurotransmitter imaging using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine offers prognostic information in patients with heart failure. Metabolism and function in the heart are closely related, and energy substrate metabolism is a potential target of medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure.Cardiac metabolic imaging using 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecacoic acid is a commonly used tracer in clinical studies to diagnose metabolic heart failure.Nuclear cardiology tests, including neurotransmitter imaging and metabolic imaging, are now easily preformed with new tracers to improve heart failure diagnosis.Nuclear cardiology techniques contribute significantly to identifying patients with heart failure and to guiding their management decisions.
2011, 35(3): 167-169.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.008
Abstract:
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma which threatens our health and life seriously ranks third in all the tumors in developing countries.Though most of the disease can be diagnosed by traditional imaging method such as CT, MRI, ultrasonography, for primary hepatocellular cartinoma that diagnoses hard with triditional method, PET-CT can be used as an effective supplement methods.The positive rate of 18F-FDG PET-CT in diagnosis of primary hepatocarcinoma was low.But when combined with 11C-acetate PETCT, the sensitivity and accurary of 18F-FDGPET-CT in diagnosis of primary hepatocarcinoma could be improved.
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma which threatens our health and life seriously ranks third in all the tumors in developing countries.Though most of the disease can be diagnosed by traditional imaging method such as CT, MRI, ultrasonography, for primary hepatocellular cartinoma that diagnoses hard with triditional method, PET-CT can be used as an effective supplement methods.The positive rate of 18F-FDG PET-CT in diagnosis of primary hepatocarcinoma was low.But when combined with 11C-acetate PETCT, the sensitivity and accurary of 18F-FDGPET-CT in diagnosis of primary hepatocarcinoma could be improved.
2011, 35(3): 170-175.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.009
Abstract:
Hyperparathyroidism(HPT)is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone.Excessive parathyroid hormone secretion may be due to problems in the glands themselves, or may be secondary HPT.The diagnosis is mainly based on the patient's medical history and biochemical tests.The best treatment nowadays is surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid glands or adenoma.The imaging methods for the preoperative localization diagnosis include radionuclide imaging, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, etc.This article was a summary of HPT radionuclide imaging.
Hyperparathyroidism(HPT)is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone.Excessive parathyroid hormone secretion may be due to problems in the glands themselves, or may be secondary HPT.The diagnosis is mainly based on the patient's medical history and biochemical tests.The best treatment nowadays is surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid glands or adenoma.The imaging methods for the preoperative localization diagnosis include radionuclide imaging, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, etc.This article was a summary of HPT radionuclide imaging.
2011, 35(3): 175-178.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.010
Abstract:
Glomerular filtration rate(GFR)is an important criterion to estimate renal function.The most common way to measure GFR clinically is 99Tcm-DTPA Renal Dynamic Imaging.However, the result may be influenced by many factors such as plasma protein binding, delineation of kidney and background region of interest, kidney depth, age and renal function and preparation of patient, nurse's operative technique, etc.The article analyzed each factor above respectively for clinical reference.
Glomerular filtration rate(GFR)is an important criterion to estimate renal function.The most common way to measure GFR clinically is 99Tcm-DTPA Renal Dynamic Imaging.However, the result may be influenced by many factors such as plasma protein binding, delineation of kidney and background region of interest, kidney depth, age and renal function and preparation of patient, nurse's operative technique, etc.The article analyzed each factor above respectively for clinical reference.
2011, 35(3): 179-180,193.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.011
Abstract:
Objective To establish the normative and standard measures, to ensure medical safety and quality of care of the patients with Graves disease treated by 131I therapy. Methods Formulating and strictly implementing the medical organizational and technical measures of 131I therapy for Graves disease and regular follow-up. Results Receiving 131I treatment of 104 patients, follow-up 6－36 months, no adverse events, the cure rate of 59.6%, the efficient rate is 99.9%. Conclusion It is important guarantee for the medical quality and safety to standardize the 131I therapy of Graves disease.
2011, 35(3): 181-185.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.012
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous interstitial implantation with 125I seeds for recurrent patients of postoperative non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC)guided by CT. Methods Thirty-two NLCLC patients were verified by biopsy pathology.Prescribed dose was 90 Gy.The percutaneous interstitial implantation of 125I seeds treatment was guided by CT.The carcinoma were scanned by CT and compared before and 6 months after treatment.Then judge the curative effect accerding to the curative standard put forward by World Health Organization.All the patients were folluwed-up for 6 to 72 months, mean 24 months. Results The mean radioactive dose of therapy group was 153.7 Gy, D90was 93.5 Gy.Among the 32 follow-up cases, the complete and partial remission rate was 90.6%, and no major complications.One and two year survival rate were 87%and 73%, mean survival was 35 months. Conclusion Percutaneous interstitial implantation with 125I seeds for recurrent patients of postoperative NSCLC guided by CT is a valid, minimally invasive and efficient method.
2011, 35(3): 185-188.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.013
Abstract:
MRI was used in radiotherapy of brain tumor more and more comprehensively, especially in the prognosis, radiotherapy planning and differentiation between recurrence and necrosis of brain tumor. Due to the excellent ability in the differentiation of soft tissue, MRI extensively fusing with CT was used in drawing the outline of the tumor.Maybe in the future, it is possible to use MRI absolutely in radiotherapy planning of brain tumor.With the development of the functional MRI, MRI will be a necessary method used widely in the differetion between brain tumor reccurence and radiation injury.
MRI was used in radiotherapy of brain tumor more and more comprehensively, especially in the prognosis, radiotherapy planning and differentiation between recurrence and necrosis of brain tumor. Due to the excellent ability in the differentiation of soft tissue, MRI extensively fusing with CT was used in drawing the outline of the tumor.Maybe in the future, it is possible to use MRI absolutely in radiotherapy planning of brain tumor.With the development of the functional MRI, MRI will be a necessary method used widely in the differetion between brain tumor reccurence and radiation injury.
2011, 35(3): 189-193.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.03.014
Abstract:
Objective To explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values of MR diffusion weighted imaging(DWI). To investigate the evaluation of DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI)in distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions. Methods Thirty-four healthy, premenopausal female volunteers who had regular menstrual cycles and 96 breast disease patients who proved by surgery or Needle aspiration pathology were included in the study. Of the 96 patients, there were 36 cases with 44 benign breast lesions and 60 cases with 70 malignant breast lesions. The healthy volunteers were scanned by conventional T1 weighted MRI, T2 weighted MRI and DWI once a week for 4 weeks with Siemens Sonata 1.5T MRI(b=1000s/mm2). The patients were examined by conventional MRI, DCE-MRI and DWI. DWI using Echo planar imaging technique and frequency selection suppression technology were used in DWI(b=1000 s/mm2 )and fast low angle shot sequence was used in DCE-MRI. The data of DWI and DCE-MRI were sent to Leonardo workstation. Results ① ADC values of normal breast in the second week of the menstrual cycle reduced to minimum and then slowly increased, a comparison between the mean was not significant(F=1.029, P > 0.05). ② In DCE-MRI, type III curve is the typical type of breast cancer, type I and IV curve are the typical type of breast benign lesions. ③When b=1000 s/mm2, the diagnostic threshold of ADC values between the benign breast lesions and malignant lesions was 1.25×10-3 mm2/s. Conclusions ADC values were less influenced by the menstrual cycle in normal breasts. The specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and maglinant breast lesions were improved with the combination of DCE-MRI and DWI.
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