2009 Vol. 33, No. 1
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2009, 33(1): 1-5.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.001
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Abstract:
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) technology is based on nucleic acid hybridization principles, and designed for the specific target of ASODN sequence, thus to inhibit the expression of specific genes. Molecular imaging is the emerging cross-subject in cell and molecular level of living biological processes to describe and measure. Molecular imaging technology as a platform for ASODN technology to reach non-invasive, real-time, live, specific, detailed images directly through the display cells or molecular level physiological and pathological processes. This introductory chapter summarizes the role of ASODN mechanism, chemical modification, ASODN technology progress and ASODN technology in the field of molecular imaging applications.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) technology is based on nucleic acid hybridization principles, and designed for the specific target of ASODN sequence, thus to inhibit the expression of specific genes. Molecular imaging is the emerging cross-subject in cell and molecular level of living biological processes to describe and measure. Molecular imaging technology as a platform for ASODN technology to reach non-invasive, real-time, live, specific, detailed images directly through the display cells or molecular level physiological and pathological processes. This introductory chapter summarizes the role of ASODN mechanism, chemical modification, ASODN technology progress and ASODN technology in the field of molecular imaging applications.
2009, 33(1): 5-8.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.005
Abstract:
Nuclide molecule diagnosis and therapy breast cancer is developing quite quickly in recent years, and is the hot spot of study and research. The developing of polypeptide receptor labelling by radioactivity nuclide is the most active and youngest territory branch of nuclear medicine. The nearest representative of polypeptide drug including somatostatin analogue, 18F-fluoroestradiol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, interleukin-ll analogs nine-circellus polypeptide, 11β-metoxy-17α-123I-iodovinylestradiol, this review the nearest progress of every polypeptide drug in diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer respectively.
Nuclide molecule diagnosis and therapy breast cancer is developing quite quickly in recent years, and is the hot spot of study and research. The developing of polypeptide receptor labelling by radioactivity nuclide is the most active and youngest territory branch of nuclear medicine. The nearest representative of polypeptide drug including somatostatin analogue, 18F-fluoroestradiol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, interleukin-ll analogs nine-circellus polypeptide, 11β-metoxy-17α-123I-iodovinylestradiol, this review the nearest progress of every polypeptide drug in diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer respectively.
2009, 33(1): 9-13.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.009
Abstract:
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors have recently been a novel target of drug development related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson diseases, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and Huntingtons disease. NMDA receptor imaging agents can provide a sensitive molecular prob and a powerful diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of inadequate lipophilicity and affinity, many NMDA receptor imaging agents couldn't be used in clinical. 123I-N-(1-napthyl)-N'-(3-iodophenyl)-N-methylguanidine (123I-CNS1261)has the potential to be a NMDA receptor imaging agent. Basing on the researches which has accomplished in the abroad at present, this review concluded the progresses of the tracer of NMDA receptor.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors have recently been a novel target of drug development related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson diseases, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and Huntingtons disease. NMDA receptor imaging agents can provide a sensitive molecular prob and a powerful diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of inadequate lipophilicity and affinity, many NMDA receptor imaging agents couldn't be used in clinical. 123I-N-(1-napthyl)-N'-(3-iodophenyl)-N-methylguanidine (123I-CNS1261)has the potential to be a NMDA receptor imaging agent. Basing on the researches which has accomplished in the abroad at present, this review concluded the progresses of the tracer of NMDA receptor.
2009, 33(1): 14-17.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.014
Abstract:
Cardiac neurotransmission PET with positron tracers is very useful to characterize myocardial neuronal diseases in primary cardioneuropathies or in secondary cardioneuropathies, and to monitor treatments. It mainly introduces the principle, method, tracers and clinical applications with cardiac neurotransmission PET with positron tracers, especially new nonepinephrine tracers.
Cardiac neurotransmission PET with positron tracers is very useful to characterize myocardial neuronal diseases in primary cardioneuropathies or in secondary cardioneuropathies, and to monitor treatments. It mainly introduces the principle, method, tracers and clinical applications with cardiac neurotransmission PET with positron tracers, especially new nonepinephrine tracers.
2009, 33(1): 18-21.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.018
Abstract:
The occurrence and development of esophgeal cancer is a result of many factors that effect each other, which involved disorders of multiple genes and levels of molecular. The application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET detecting tumor cells glucose uptaked is more and more generally in the tumor diagnosis, staging, curative effect evaluation, and prognosis judgement and so on, glucose transporter-1 has an important role in the esophgeal cancer cells glucose uptaked and cells proliferation process.
The occurrence and development of esophgeal cancer is a result of many factors that effect each other, which involved disorders of multiple genes and levels of molecular. The application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET detecting tumor cells glucose uptaked is more and more generally in the tumor diagnosis, staging, curative effect evaluation, and prognosis judgement and so on, glucose transporter-1 has an important role in the esophgeal cancer cells glucose uptaked and cells proliferation process.
2009, 33(1): 22-25.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.022
Abstract:
Objective Through a comparative study of 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) and 99Tcm-octreotide (99Tcm-OCT) SPECT orbital scan, evaluated the clinic significance of two imaging of estimation activity in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods Acording to the clinnic activity score (CAS), 26 TAO patients were divided into two groups:active group (CAS≥3) and inactive group (CAS<3), 14 volunteers (control group) participates this study. Orbit scan were completed after intravenously injection with 99Tcm-DTPA 740 MBq and 99Tcm-OCT (every other day). Obtaining the uptake ratio (UR) of two kinds of orbit scans. The statistical analyses included Paired-samples t test analysis of variance and Spearman regression analysis. Results There is no statistically significance between the two methods in UR (t=0.075, P>0.05). There is a statistically significant correlation was found between CAS and the uptake ratios(99Tcm-DTPA:r=0.835, P<0.001; 99Tcm-OCT:r=0.912, P<0.001). Conclusions There is a good uniformity between 99Tcm-DTPA and 99Tcm-OCT orbital scan; 99Tcm-DTPA is a feasible and maybe a new promising estimation method of activity in the patients with TAO.
Objective Through a comparative study of 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) and 99Tcm-octreotide (99Tcm-OCT) SPECT orbital scan, evaluated the clinic significance of two imaging of estimation activity in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods Acording to the clinnic activity score (CAS), 26 TAO patients were divided into two groups:active group (CAS≥3) and inactive group (CAS<3), 14 volunteers (control group) participates this study. Orbit scan were completed after intravenously injection with 99Tcm-DTPA 740 MBq and 99Tcm-OCT (every other day). Obtaining the uptake ratio (UR) of two kinds of orbit scans. The statistical analyses included Paired-samples t test analysis of variance and Spearman regression analysis. Results There is no statistically significance between the two methods in UR (t=0.075, P>0.05). There is a statistically significant correlation was found between CAS and the uptake ratios(99Tcm-DTPA:r=0.835, P<0.001; 99Tcm-OCT:r=0.912, P<0.001). Conclusions There is a good uniformity between 99Tcm-DTPA and 99Tcm-OCT orbital scan; 99Tcm-DTPA is a feasible and maybe a new promising estimation method of activity in the patients with TAO.
2009, 33(1): 26-29.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.026
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the value of statistical parametric mapping 5 (SPM5) and its parameter settings in analysis of PET imaging for epilepsy patients. Methods Seventeen epilepsy patients and seventeen controls were scanned with PET. The datas were analyzed using PET and SPM5 with qualitative and semiquantitative analysis, statistical analysis of the percentage (numbers of agent distribution decreasing in focus to brain) for different parameters combinations, which were value adjustment to contral-p and voxels-k. Results There was decreasing of agent distribution at temporal lobe in epilepsy patients detecting with PET; the T/NT of focus to cerebellum was 1.07±0.24, the T/NT of normal tissue in opposite side to cerebellum was 1.27±0.18, there was a significant difference (t=1.87, P<0.05). Dealing with SPM5, there was more significant decreasing of agent in regions 19, 21, 39 of temporal lobe, regions 7, 19, 31, 40, 47 of parietal lobe and occipital lobe in epilepsy patients. With different value of k, the percentage was (27 ±22)%, (29±24)%, (32±23)%, (35±27)%, (39 ±31)% respectively, there was not significant difference (F=0.59, P>0.05); for different value of p, the percentage was (42±30)%, (29±25)%, (26±21)% respectively, with a significant difference (F=3.60, P<0.05); there was linear regression in value adjustment to contral-p and the percentage(b=-18.24, t=2.57, P<0.05). Conclusions Semiquantitative analysis by SPM5, the setting of value adjustment to contral-p would affect the results, the smaller of value adjustment to contral-p, the better of the result. SPM5 would be more objective and accurate to locate the focuses.
Objective To investigate the value of statistical parametric mapping 5 (SPM5) and its parameter settings in analysis of PET imaging for epilepsy patients. Methods Seventeen epilepsy patients and seventeen controls were scanned with PET. The datas were analyzed using PET and SPM5 with qualitative and semiquantitative analysis, statistical analysis of the percentage (numbers of agent distribution decreasing in focus to brain) for different parameters combinations, which were value adjustment to contral-p and voxels-k. Results There was decreasing of agent distribution at temporal lobe in epilepsy patients detecting with PET; the T/NT of focus to cerebellum was 1.07±0.24, the T/NT of normal tissue in opposite side to cerebellum was 1.27±0.18, there was a significant difference (t=1.87, P<0.05). Dealing with SPM5, there was more significant decreasing of agent in regions 19, 21, 39 of temporal lobe, regions 7, 19, 31, 40, 47 of parietal lobe and occipital lobe in epilepsy patients. With different value of k, the percentage was (27 ±22)%, (29±24)%, (32±23)%, (35±27)%, (39 ±31)% respectively, there was not significant difference (F=0.59, P>0.05); for different value of p, the percentage was (42±30)%, (29±25)%, (26±21)% respectively, with a significant difference (F=3.60, P<0.05); there was linear regression in value adjustment to contral-p and the percentage(b=-18.24, t=2.57, P<0.05). Conclusions Semiquantitative analysis by SPM5, the setting of value adjustment to contral-p would affect the results, the smaller of value adjustment to contral-p, the better of the result. SPM5 would be more objective and accurate to locate the focuses.
2009, 33(1): 30-33.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.030
Abstract:
Pediatric oncology is one of the important cause of children death. PET-CT, which can provide functional and anatomical images in the same scanning session, has a high sensitivity and specialty in the diagnosis of tumors. During the examination of children, careful preparation and individualized dosage are the keys to make it. PET-CT has a great value in making the personal therapy strategy during the clinical activity, including staging, grading, evaluation of therapy, and the items of prognosis and follow-up.
Pediatric oncology is one of the important cause of children death. PET-CT, which can provide functional and anatomical images in the same scanning session, has a high sensitivity and specialty in the diagnosis of tumors. During the examination of children, careful preparation and individualized dosage are the keys to make it. PET-CT has a great value in making the personal therapy strategy during the clinical activity, including staging, grading, evaluation of therapy, and the items of prognosis and follow-up.
2009, 33(1): 33-36.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.033
Abstract:
Cold nodules are the common form of thyroid nodules in radionuclide imaging. Inflammation, cysts, tumors, hemorrhage and so on can be expressed as cold nodules. And, according to the statistics, an average of about 20% of the cold nodules are malignant. So accurate identification of nonfunctioning thyroid nodules not only contribute to the comprehensive nature of the detection of thyroid cancer, but also the right choice for the clinical treatment programs provide an important guide. At present, on the basis of kinds of different imaging agents, a number of methods to identify the nature of thyroid cold nodules were developed, and constantly perfected.
Cold nodules are the common form of thyroid nodules in radionuclide imaging. Inflammation, cysts, tumors, hemorrhage and so on can be expressed as cold nodules. And, according to the statistics, an average of about 20% of the cold nodules are malignant. So accurate identification of nonfunctioning thyroid nodules not only contribute to the comprehensive nature of the detection of thyroid cancer, but also the right choice for the clinical treatment programs provide an important guide. At present, on the basis of kinds of different imaging agents, a number of methods to identify the nature of thyroid cold nodules were developed, and constantly perfected.
2009, 33(1): 37-39.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.037
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of stress-rest 99Tcm-MIBI perfusion imaging in patients with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods Twenty patients with coronary heart disease underwent repeated 99Tcm-MIBI stress-rest perfusion imaging before and after PTCA, and semi-quantitative analysis, 8 cases of them repeated coronary angiography after 6 monthes. Results Twenty patients with total of 27 coronary artery stenosis were distended, the average vascular stenosis were (84.3 ±9.2)% before PTCA, and were reduced to (31.2±9.1)% after PTCA. Stress-rest perfusion imaging showed myocardial segments were reversible defect (myocardial ischemia) from 55 (30.6%) befor PTCA to 10 (5.6%) after PTCA, there were significant difference (χ2=38.02, P<0.005). The improved rate was 81.8%, 8 patients underwent repeated stress-rest SPECT imaging after 6 monthes, 3 cases appears ischemia segment, and coronary angiography confirmed was restenosis. Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI stress-rest perfusion imaging is a useful noninvasive method for evaluating the effect of PTCA and for restenosis.
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of stress-rest 99Tcm-MIBI perfusion imaging in patients with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods Twenty patients with coronary heart disease underwent repeated 99Tcm-MIBI stress-rest perfusion imaging before and after PTCA, and semi-quantitative analysis, 8 cases of them repeated coronary angiography after 6 monthes. Results Twenty patients with total of 27 coronary artery stenosis were distended, the average vascular stenosis were (84.3 ±9.2)% before PTCA, and were reduced to (31.2±9.1)% after PTCA. Stress-rest perfusion imaging showed myocardial segments were reversible defect (myocardial ischemia) from 55 (30.6%) befor PTCA to 10 (5.6%) after PTCA, there were significant difference (χ2=38.02, P<0.005). The improved rate was 81.8%, 8 patients underwent repeated stress-rest SPECT imaging after 6 monthes, 3 cases appears ischemia segment, and coronary angiography confirmed was restenosis. Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI stress-rest perfusion imaging is a useful noninvasive method for evaluating the effect of PTCA and for restenosis.
2009, 33(1): 39-42.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.039
Abstract:
Radionuclide imaging is a sort of non-invasive diagnostic technology in myocarditis. This paper is to make a view of these methods diagnosing myocarditis on clinical application and the results of experiment in vivo. From three different aspects:cell death, cell apoptosis and myocardium inflammatory, different radlonuclines and labelled compounds were compared.
Radionuclide imaging is a sort of non-invasive diagnostic technology in myocarditis. This paper is to make a view of these methods diagnosing myocarditis on clinical application and the results of experiment in vivo. From three different aspects:cell death, cell apoptosis and myocardium inflammatory, different radlonuclines and labelled compounds were compared.
2009, 33(1): 43-46.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.043
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear medicine and ultrasonography play a role in tumor therapeutic response. All kinds of images combined evaluate tumor treatment effect, help clinicians develop treatment program, modify and adjust the treatment program timely, the greatest possible to reduce or avoid side effects.
Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear medicine and ultrasonography play a role in tumor therapeutic response. All kinds of images combined evaluate tumor treatment effect, help clinicians develop treatment program, modify and adjust the treatment program timely, the greatest possible to reduce or avoid side effects.
2009, 33(1): 47-49.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.047
Abstract:
The association between exposed to radon and cardiovascular mortality as well as radon therapy for the treatment of rheumatic diseases have become an increasing concern. Here, by analysis uranium miners'cohort epidemiological investigation, show the possibility between the cumulative exposure to radon and death from coronary heart disease. Besides, the existing randomized controlled trials suggest a positive effect of radon therapy on pain in rheumatic diseases.
The association between exposed to radon and cardiovascular mortality as well as radon therapy for the treatment of rheumatic diseases have become an increasing concern. Here, by analysis uranium miners'cohort epidemiological investigation, show the possibility between the cumulative exposure to radon and death from coronary heart disease. Besides, the existing randomized controlled trials suggest a positive effect of radon therapy on pain in rheumatic diseases.
2009, 33(1): 49-52.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.049
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in coarctation of the aorta(COA) and interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Methods Sixteen patients with suspected COA or IAA were imaged on 16-slice spiral CT angiography. The images were reconstructed with volume rendering, multi-planar reformation, maximum intensity projection, thin-slice MIP. Intracardiac and extracardiac structure was analyzed. Results After the 3D image analysis of MSCTA, 5 cases were found with COA, 4 cases were found with IAA and 27 other aortic and intracardiac deformities were found. Conclusion MSCTA has obvious advantages in diagnosing congenital heart disease with extracardiac large vascular malformation and can considerably substitute for cardiovascular angiography.
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in coarctation of the aorta(COA) and interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Methods Sixteen patients with suspected COA or IAA were imaged on 16-slice spiral CT angiography. The images were reconstructed with volume rendering, multi-planar reformation, maximum intensity projection, thin-slice MIP. Intracardiac and extracardiac structure was analyzed. Results After the 3D image analysis of MSCTA, 5 cases were found with COA, 4 cases were found with IAA and 27 other aortic and intracardiac deformities were found. Conclusion MSCTA has obvious advantages in diagnosing congenital heart disease with extracardiac large vascular malformation and can considerably substitute for cardiovascular angiography.
2009, 33(1): 54-58.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.054
Abstract:
Objective To improving linac quality assurance (QA) program with statistical process control (SPC) method. Methods SPC is applied to set the control limit of QA data, draw charts and differentiate the random and systematic errors. A SPC quality assurance software named QA_MANAGER has been developed by VB programming for clinical use. Two clinical cases are analyzed with SPC to study daily output QA of a 6MV photon beam. Results In the clinical case, the SPC is able to identify the systematic errors. Conclusion The SPC application may be assistant to detect systematic errors in linac quality assurance thus it alarms the abnormal trend to eliminate the systematic errors and improves quality control.
Objective To improving linac quality assurance (QA) program with statistical process control (SPC) method. Methods SPC is applied to set the control limit of QA data, draw charts and differentiate the random and systematic errors. A SPC quality assurance software named QA_MANAGER has been developed by VB programming for clinical use. Two clinical cases are analyzed with SPC to study daily output QA of a 6MV photon beam. Results In the clinical case, the SPC is able to identify the systematic errors. Conclusion The SPC application may be assistant to detect systematic errors in linac quality assurance thus it alarms the abnormal trend to eliminate the systematic errors and improves quality control.
2009, 33(1): 58-61.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.01.058
Abstract:
Objective To develop a mixed integer linear programming model for improving the dose distribution and reducing the planning and delivery time during γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy by optimizing the shot number and weight. Methods The optimization module is implemented by C++ programming. Integrated into rotating gamma system-treatment planning system and tested using clinical cases from patient database by target coverage percent (TCP) and perscription isodose to tumor volume ratio (PITV). Results The treatment plan produced by optimization module reduced the shot number and provided an improved TCP and an acceptable PITV compared to the manual plans. An optimized treatment plan can typically be produced in 2 min or less. Conclusion The optimization module improves manual plans while reducing the time of treatment planning and delivery.
Objective To develop a mixed integer linear programming model for improving the dose distribution and reducing the planning and delivery time during γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy by optimizing the shot number and weight. Methods The optimization module is implemented by C++ programming. Integrated into rotating gamma system-treatment planning system and tested using clinical cases from patient database by target coverage percent (TCP) and perscription isodose to tumor volume ratio (PITV). Results The treatment plan produced by optimization module reduced the shot number and provided an improved TCP and an acceptable PITV compared to the manual plans. An optimized treatment plan can typically be produced in 2 min or less. Conclusion The optimization module improves manual plans while reducing the time of treatment planning and delivery.
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