2008 Vol. 32, No. 5
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2008, 32(5): 257-260.
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Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases are harmful for people.Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases, together with some studies of the gene therapy on cardiovascular disorders, have offered possibilities for new treatments.Gene therapies have demonstrated potential usefulness in treating myocardial ischemia.Therefore, the monitoring of the expression of therapy gene and therapeutic efficacy has become an important issue.
Cardiovascular diseases are harmful for people.Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases, together with some studies of the gene therapy on cardiovascular disorders, have offered possibilities for new treatments.Gene therapies have demonstrated potential usefulness in treating myocardial ischemia.Therefore, the monitoring of the expression of therapy gene and therapeutic efficacy has become an important issue.
2008, 32(5): 260-263.
Abstract:
Radioiodine labeled monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.With the more and more attention which is attached to the application of the internalized McAb.The usual direct labeling methods, including Iodogen and chloramine-T, lead to obvious deiodination and decline of the McAb's immunological activity which impede their utilization in vivo.There is great importance for the tumor treatment with the radioiodine labeled antibodies to invent a new method in order to avoid the disadvantage described above.It is showed that indirect labeling way is a suitable strategy.In this review, we are introducing the recent advance of this method.
Radioiodine labeled monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.With the more and more attention which is attached to the application of the internalized McAb.The usual direct labeling methods, including Iodogen and chloramine-T, lead to obvious deiodination and decline of the McAb's immunological activity which impede their utilization in vivo.There is great importance for the tumor treatment with the radioiodine labeled antibodies to invent a new method in order to avoid the disadvantage described above.It is showed that indirect labeling way is a suitable strategy.In this review, we are introducing the recent advance of this method.
2008, 32(5): 264-267,271.
Abstract:
Radioimmunoimaging (RII) used radiolabeled antibodies for diagnostic imaging of neoplasms.It is based on the Specific binding of antibodies and tumor antigen.Genetic engineering technology promoted the development of a variety of antibodies and derivatives as well as stimulated a indepth study of radioimmunoimaging.RII plays certain role in tumor diagnosis.Pancreatic cancer high degree of malignan, which arises hiding and progress rapidly.The treatment is difficulty.With development and improvement of monoelonal antibody and application of pre-localization technology and radioimmunoguided surgery, pancreatic cancer RII expected to become an important diagnostic method of the pancreatic cancer.
Radioimmunoimaging (RII) used radiolabeled antibodies for diagnostic imaging of neoplasms.It is based on the Specific binding of antibodies and tumor antigen.Genetic engineering technology promoted the development of a variety of antibodies and derivatives as well as stimulated a indepth study of radioimmunoimaging.RII plays certain role in tumor diagnosis.Pancreatic cancer high degree of malignan, which arises hiding and progress rapidly.The treatment is difficulty.With development and improvement of monoelonal antibody and application of pre-localization technology and radioimmunoguided surgery, pancreatic cancer RII expected to become an important diagnostic method of the pancreatic cancer.
2008, 32(5): 268-271.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the value of SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with larynx neoplasms.Methods Thirty patients with cN0 laryngeal carcinoma were eligible for the study.Preoperative SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy was performed with laryngotracheoscopy guided injection of radioactivity isotope 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (99Tcm-SC) into the laryngeal carcinoma before surgery.The patients underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma-detecting probe.The results of routine pathologic examination of cervical specimen were set a golden standard to assess the efficacy of SLN biopsy in evaluating the cervical lymph node status.Results Sixty-six SLNs were detected in 28 cases out of the total 30 cases (93.3%).Preoperative planar image and SPECT-CT fusion image detected 61 and 66 SLNs, respectively.With the application of intraoperative gamma probe, SLN was detected in 27/30 patients (90.0%), correlate rate was 85.7% (24/28).Six patients (20.0%) had lymph node metastasis.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and false negative rate of SLN detection were respectively 83.3%, 95.8%, 93.3% and 16.7%.Conclusion Preoperative SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy can not only enables precise localization of SLN but also detect the cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
Objective To evaluate the value of SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with larynx neoplasms.Methods Thirty patients with cN0 laryngeal carcinoma were eligible for the study.Preoperative SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy was performed with laryngotracheoscopy guided injection of radioactivity isotope 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (99Tcm-SC) into the laryngeal carcinoma before surgery.The patients underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma-detecting probe.The results of routine pathologic examination of cervical specimen were set a golden standard to assess the efficacy of SLN biopsy in evaluating the cervical lymph node status.Results Sixty-six SLNs were detected in 28 cases out of the total 30 cases (93.3%).Preoperative planar image and SPECT-CT fusion image detected 61 and 66 SLNs, respectively.With the application of intraoperative gamma probe, SLN was detected in 27/30 patients (90.0%), correlate rate was 85.7% (24/28).Six patients (20.0%) had lymph node metastasis.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and false negative rate of SLN detection were respectively 83.3%, 95.8%, 93.3% and 16.7%.Conclusion Preoperative SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy can not only enables precise localization of SLN but also detect the cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
2008, 32(5): 272-274.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluation of the parotid function using dynamic parotid scintigraphy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy.Methods Twenty-one nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were included into this study.Dynamic parotid scintigraphy was performed before and after external beam radiation therapy.Semi-quantitative parameters of parotid (uptake index, excretion rate and excretion index) was used to evaluate the changes of parotid function.Results UI, ER and EI of parotid were decreased markedly after external beam radiation therapy, t is 56.65, 41.34, 30.69 respectively, P<0.001.The uptake and excretion function of the parotid were all impaired, which correlated with the dry mouth symptom of the patients.Conclusion Dynamic parotid scintigraphy can play a key role in the evaluation of parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy.
Objective To evaluation of the parotid function using dynamic parotid scintigraphy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy.Methods Twenty-one nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were included into this study.Dynamic parotid scintigraphy was performed before and after external beam radiation therapy.Semi-quantitative parameters of parotid (uptake index, excretion rate and excretion index) was used to evaluate the changes of parotid function.Results UI, ER and EI of parotid were decreased markedly after external beam radiation therapy, t is 56.65, 41.34, 30.69 respectively, P<0.001.The uptake and excretion function of the parotid were all impaired, which correlated with the dry mouth symptom of the patients.Conclusion Dynamic parotid scintigraphy can play a key role in the evaluation of parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy.
2008, 32(5): 275-277.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the use of evaluating split glomerular flow rate (GFR) in patients with unilateral renal function failure by 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepenta hydroxamic acid renal dynamic imaging.Methods Split GFR of 82 cases with unilateral renal function failure was evaluated by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging, and was correlated with serum ereatinine (SCr).Beside, causes of renal function failure were analyzed.Results Split GFR were negatively correlated with SCr(r=-0.643, P<0.001).In the cases with unilateral renal function failure, renal calculi and urinary transitional cell carcinoma were mainly causes to injure the renal function.Conclusion It is very important of evaluating split GFR in patients with unilateral renal function failure by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging to treat early and reserve renal function.
Objective To explore the use of evaluating split glomerular flow rate (GFR) in patients with unilateral renal function failure by 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepenta hydroxamic acid renal dynamic imaging.Methods Split GFR of 82 cases with unilateral renal function failure was evaluated by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging, and was correlated with serum ereatinine (SCr).Beside, causes of renal function failure were analyzed.Results Split GFR were negatively correlated with SCr(r=-0.643, P<0.001).In the cases with unilateral renal function failure, renal calculi and urinary transitional cell carcinoma were mainly causes to injure the renal function.Conclusion It is very important of evaluating split GFR in patients with unilateral renal function failure by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging to treat early and reserve renal function.
2008, 32(5): 278-281.
Abstract:
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas can synthesise and secrete catecholamines, causing a variety of clinical symptoms, such as hypertensive crisis.The diagnosis and management of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas largely depend on the qualitation and location of the tumor.With the development of molecular imaging and nuclear medicine, they make the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas more sensitive and accurate, and provide a new treatment for patients with malignant pheochromocytomas especially that with metastasis.The article focuses on the radionuclide in the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas and familial pheochromocytomas, and the management of malignant pheochromocytomas.
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas can synthesise and secrete catecholamines, causing a variety of clinical symptoms, such as hypertensive crisis.The diagnosis and management of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas largely depend on the qualitation and location of the tumor.With the development of molecular imaging and nuclear medicine, they make the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas more sensitive and accurate, and provide a new treatment for patients with malignant pheochromocytomas especially that with metastasis.The article focuses on the radionuclide in the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas and familial pheochromocytomas, and the management of malignant pheochromocytomas.
2008, 32(5): 281-285.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD)is one of the most common diseases that results in the different degree of myocardial damage.Thus, only viable myocardium in patients can get benefit from the myocardial revascularization.The accurate differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium is crucial for therapy planning in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.Clinically, traditional techniques such as echocardiography, positron emission tomography,, and single photon emission computed tomography have established roles.With the recent MRI technical developments allowing for a combined assessment of peffusion and irreversible damage with late enhancement imaging, MRI will now play a major role in the assessment of myocardial viability.Through the technique of delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI), viable and infarcted myocardium can be simultaneously identified in a manner that closely correlates with histopathology findings.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)is one of the most common diseases that results in the different degree of myocardial damage.Thus, only viable myocardium in patients can get benefit from the myocardial revascularization.The accurate differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium is crucial for therapy planning in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.Clinically, traditional techniques such as echocardiography, positron emission tomography,, and single photon emission computed tomography have established roles.With the recent MRI technical developments allowing for a combined assessment of peffusion and irreversible damage with late enhancement imaging, MRI will now play a major role in the assessment of myocardial viability.Through the technique of delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI), viable and infarcted myocardium can be simultaneously identified in a manner that closely correlates with histopathology findings.
2008, 32(5): 286-290.
Abstract:
PET-CT, as a single imaging modality for whole body providing both anatomic and biological information, offer the possibility of in vivo mapping of regional tumor hypoxia with adequate anatomical resolution as well as monitoring therapy through follow-up mapping of hypoxia. Some new advances of research and clinical study on PET-CT hypoxia imaging in lung cancer were summarized briefly, including tracers, the detections of hypoxia, therapy planning, predictions and outcome.
PET-CT, as a single imaging modality for whole body providing both anatomic and biological information, offer the possibility of in vivo mapping of regional tumor hypoxia with adequate anatomical resolution as well as monitoring therapy through follow-up mapping of hypoxia. Some new advances of research and clinical study on PET-CT hypoxia imaging in lung cancer were summarized briefly, including tracers, the detections of hypoxia, therapy planning, predictions and outcome.
2008, 32(5): 290-294.
Abstract:
The morbidity of lung cancer is so high in china, and the prognosis of lung cancer is low.The traditional imaging techniques based on anatomic structure showing show great disadvantages in diagnosis, staging, therapy monitoring and recrudescence identification in patients with lung cancer.As a developer for cellular metabolism, imaging techniques used 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is increasingly being used in clinical now.It can obtain all images from one whole-body scan and it is good for identification of physiological radioactivity or pathological radioactivity.So it is a better choice for identification of lymph node and other organ metastasis, to provide important evidence for clinical staging and treatment planning of lung cancer.
The morbidity of lung cancer is so high in china, and the prognosis of lung cancer is low.The traditional imaging techniques based on anatomic structure showing show great disadvantages in diagnosis, staging, therapy monitoring and recrudescence identification in patients with lung cancer.As a developer for cellular metabolism, imaging techniques used 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is increasingly being used in clinical now.It can obtain all images from one whole-body scan and it is good for identification of physiological radioactivity or pathological radioactivity.So it is a better choice for identification of lymph node and other organ metastasis, to provide important evidence for clinical staging and treatment planning of lung cancer.
2008, 32(5): 295-299.
Abstract:
Radionuclide imaging of pulmonary cancer develops very rapidly in recent years.Its important value on the diagnosis, staging, monitoring recur and metastasis after treatment, and judging the curative effect and prognosis has been demonstrated.Clinicians pay more attention to it than before.This present article introduces the imaging principle, clinical use, good and bad points, progress situation of 67Ga, 201Tl, 99Tcm, 18F and their labelled compounds, which are more commonly used in clinical.And introduces the clinical progress of radionuclide imaging of pulmonary neoplasm concerning 99Tcm-sestamibi (99Tcm-MIBI),99Tcm-HL91and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (ISF-FDG) with emphasis.
Radionuclide imaging of pulmonary cancer develops very rapidly in recent years.Its important value on the diagnosis, staging, monitoring recur and metastasis after treatment, and judging the curative effect and prognosis has been demonstrated.Clinicians pay more attention to it than before.This present article introduces the imaging principle, clinical use, good and bad points, progress situation of 67Ga, 201Tl, 99Tcm, 18F and their labelled compounds, which are more commonly used in clinical.And introduces the clinical progress of radionuclide imaging of pulmonary neoplasm concerning 99Tcm-sestamibi (99Tcm-MIBI),99Tcm-HL91and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (ISF-FDG) with emphasis.
2008, 32(5): 299-301.
Abstract:
Breast cancer is one of the most ordinary malignant tumors in woman, and its mortality is only less than that of lung cancer.Early diagnosis is a key to reducing the mortality rate.The commonly used methods to diagnose breast cancer include mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging.Genetic changes of breast cancer comprise increased tumor blood flow, increased levels of glucose metabolism, amino acid transport, protein synthesis receptor expression, enhanced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis.It shows high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) or methionine uptake in breast cancer, 11C-methionine (11C-MET) has a lower price.PET with 11C-MET has a high prognostic value in breast cancer.
Breast cancer is one of the most ordinary malignant tumors in woman, and its mortality is only less than that of lung cancer.Early diagnosis is a key to reducing the mortality rate.The commonly used methods to diagnose breast cancer include mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging.Genetic changes of breast cancer comprise increased tumor blood flow, increased levels of glucose metabolism, amino acid transport, protein synthesis receptor expression, enhanced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis.It shows high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) or methionine uptake in breast cancer, 11C-methionine (11C-MET) has a lower price.PET with 11C-MET has a high prognostic value in breast cancer.
2008, 32(5): 301-304.
Abstract:
Whole-body bone scintigraphy using 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, one of the most commonly performed radionuclide examinations, is the first choice for early diagnosis of bone metastases.However, the artifact imaging of the extraosseous tissues invariably affects the accuracy of the diagnosis.It is important to consider all the possible factors of the extraosseous uptake of the imaging agent and aggregate analyse during interpreting the examination.The common causes including the radioactive drug, the injection, the patient-self and so on.
Whole-body bone scintigraphy using 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, one of the most commonly performed radionuclide examinations, is the first choice for early diagnosis of bone metastases.However, the artifact imaging of the extraosseous tissues invariably affects the accuracy of the diagnosis.It is important to consider all the possible factors of the extraosseous uptake of the imaging agent and aggregate analyse during interpreting the examination.The common causes including the radioactive drug, the injection, the patient-self and so on.
2008, 32(5): 305-307.
Abstract:
The vital role of Ku protein is implement for DNA double strand break repair.Abnormal expression of Ku protein contributes to the development of carcinogenesis.The scientist are trying to enhance radiation-induced tumor control by inhibiting the Ku protein and have shown promising results.
The vital role of Ku protein is implement for DNA double strand break repair.Abnormal expression of Ku protein contributes to the development of carcinogenesis.The scientist are trying to enhance radiation-induced tumor control by inhibiting the Ku protein and have shown promising results.
2008, 32(5): 308-311.
Abstract:
The unique chemical and physical properties of buckminsterfullerene (C60) and its derivatives, especially the excellent ability to eliminate free radicals, have generated increasing interest for researchers in the field of biomedicine.Subsequently, considerable investigations have been conducted into the biological effects of C60, and remarkable progress has been made in recent years.In this paper, we mainly review the biological effects of various C60 derivatives, particularly on the free radical scavenging effect and its significance in practical application.
The unique chemical and physical properties of buckminsterfullerene (C60) and its derivatives, especially the excellent ability to eliminate free radicals, have generated increasing interest for researchers in the field of biomedicine.Subsequently, considerable investigations have been conducted into the biological effects of C60, and remarkable progress has been made in recent years.In this paper, we mainly review the biological effects of various C60 derivatives, particularly on the free radical scavenging effect and its significance in practical application.
2008, 32(5): 311-313.
Abstract:
Human gliomas are one of the most aggressive tumors in brain which grow infiltrativly.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.But as the tumor could not be entirely cut off, it is easy to relapse.Radiotherapy plays an important role for patients with gliomas after surgery.The efficacy of radiotherapy is associated with radio sensitivity of human gliomas.This paper makes a summary of curent situation and progress for radiosensitive genes of human brain gliomas.
Human gliomas are one of the most aggressive tumors in brain which grow infiltrativly.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.But as the tumor could not be entirely cut off, it is easy to relapse.Radiotherapy plays an important role for patients with gliomas after surgery.The efficacy of radiotherapy is associated with radio sensitivity of human gliomas.This paper makes a summary of curent situation and progress for radiosensitive genes of human brain gliomas.
2008, 32(5): 314-317.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the relation between the change of perfusion parameter values and the formation of radiation pneumonitis (RP), with the technique of CT perfusion imaging (CTPI).Methods Sixty-four slices spiral CTPI were performed in 37 patients with thoracic tumor before and after irradiation with different doses in different phases.And varied perfusion parameters of region of interest (ROI) in lung tissue were assessed such as blood flow (BF), blood volume(BV), time to peak(TIP), permeability surface(PS), mean transit time (MTF) and relative values of these parameters were calculated, i.e, rBF, rBV, rTIP, rPS, rMTT.Results The perfusion parameters of non-tumor peripheral lung tissue before irradiation had no difference among lung or non-lung cancer and different gender as well.RP occurred in the cases with the remarkable boost in rBF, rBV and rPS (the value of F was 5.552,8.495 and 14.951 respectively, P<0.05), while RP would not happen if rBF significantly ascended only(F=9.146, P<0.05).Conclusion s The rule of perfusion change of lung tissue after irradiation could be detected with CTPI and it had been demonstrated that the application of CTPI in studying lung perfusion and RP was valuable.The parameters such as rBF, rBV and rPS had an important role in forecasting RP.
Objective To investigate the relation between the change of perfusion parameter values and the formation of radiation pneumonitis (RP), with the technique of CT perfusion imaging (CTPI).Methods Sixty-four slices spiral CTPI were performed in 37 patients with thoracic tumor before and after irradiation with different doses in different phases.And varied perfusion parameters of region of interest (ROI) in lung tissue were assessed such as blood flow (BF), blood volume(BV), time to peak(TIP), permeability surface(PS), mean transit time (MTF) and relative values of these parameters were calculated, i.e, rBF, rBV, rTIP, rPS, rMTT.Results The perfusion parameters of non-tumor peripheral lung tissue before irradiation had no difference among lung or non-lung cancer and different gender as well.RP occurred in the cases with the remarkable boost in rBF, rBV and rPS (the value of F was 5.552,8.495 and 14.951 respectively, P<0.05), while RP would not happen if rBF significantly ascended only(F=9.146, P<0.05).Conclusion s The rule of perfusion change of lung tissue after irradiation could be detected with CTPI and it had been demonstrated that the application of CTPI in studying lung perfusion and RP was valuable.The parameters such as rBF, rBV and rPS had an important role in forecasting RP.
2008, 32(5): 317-319.
Abstract:
Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of radiotherapy currently combined with different chemotherapy for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Sixty-five patients with NSCLC were divided into two groups.Group A was given taxot and cisplatin, and group B was given taxol and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy.The two groups were compared on the efficacy and safety.Results The total response (CR+PR) were 36.7% (group A), 65.7% (group B),A-a=10.581, P<0.05.The 1 year survival rates of group A were 30.0% and 54.3% of group B,χ2=9.339, P<0.05.The adverse effects showed no significant difference (χ2 value was 2.011, 0.007, 2.206 respectively, P>0.05).Conclusion The radiotherapy concurrently combined with taxol and cisplatin chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC could be more effectively, and the patients could tolerate the side effects, this therapy method was secure and receivable.
Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of radiotherapy currently combined with different chemotherapy for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Sixty-five patients with NSCLC were divided into two groups.Group A was given taxot and cisplatin, and group B was given taxol and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy.The two groups were compared on the efficacy and safety.Results The total response (CR+PR) were 36.7% (group A), 65.7% (group B),A-a=10.581, P<0.05.The 1 year survival rates of group A were 30.0% and 54.3% of group B,χ2=9.339, P<0.05.The adverse effects showed no significant difference (χ2 value was 2.011, 0.007, 2.206 respectively, P>0.05).Conclusion The radiotherapy concurrently combined with taxol and cisplatin chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC could be more effectively, and the patients could tolerate the side effects, this therapy method was secure and receivable.
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