2007 Vol. 31, No. 6
Display Method:
2007, 31(6): 321-324,328.
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Abstract:
Objective To investigate a new biologic-superparamagnetic nanoparticles's characteristics of immunological activity, biological distributing in vivo, targeting and inhibiting tumoreffect. Methods The experimental group 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and control groups, including 188ReO4-, 188Re-Hepama-1, and 188Re-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, were set up. The distributions were measured after injection 4 h and 24 h by caudal vein of Kuming mice. The magnetic targeting experiments in vivo were done with and without magnetic field in liver after injection in New Zealand rabbit. The inhibiting tumor effect on hepatic cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 of the above four 188Re labeled products were measured by mono nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay method. Results After injection 4 h and 24 h by vein, the liver taking was highest in group 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The radiative activity in liver in magnetism zoo was higher than in non magnetism zoo in 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles after applying magnetic field in left lobe of liver, and the ratio of in magnetism zoo to non magnetism zoo was 1.87. And the half effective inhibition radioactive concentrations (IC50) in 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles was one forth of 188ReO4-. Conclusion 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles showed its fine stability in intro, good immunological activity and significant liver target.
Objective To investigate a new biologic-superparamagnetic nanoparticles's characteristics of immunological activity, biological distributing in vivo, targeting and inhibiting tumoreffect. Methods The experimental group 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and control groups, including 188ReO4-, 188Re-Hepama-1, and 188Re-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, were set up. The distributions were measured after injection 4 h and 24 h by caudal vein of Kuming mice. The magnetic targeting experiments in vivo were done with and without magnetic field in liver after injection in New Zealand rabbit. The inhibiting tumor effect on hepatic cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 of the above four 188Re labeled products were measured by mono nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay method. Results After injection 4 h and 24 h by vein, the liver taking was highest in group 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The radiative activity in liver in magnetism zoo was higher than in non magnetism zoo in 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles after applying magnetic field in left lobe of liver, and the ratio of in magnetism zoo to non magnetism zoo was 1.87. And the half effective inhibition radioactive concentrations (IC50) in 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles was one forth of 188ReO4-. Conclusion 188Re-Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles showed its fine stability in intro, good immunological activity and significant liver target.
2007, 31(6): 325-328.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of stable iodine and thyroxin on the hypothyroid occurrence of rats treated with 131I thus to provide reference in clinical 131I therapy for hyperthyroid and nontoxic goiter. Methods 54 Wistar rats are equally divided into three groups, whose 131I dose can be calculated by their mass. Group A accept only 131I as contrast, group B accept Euthyrox (200 pg/d, 30d) after 131I treatment, group C accept 10μmol stable iodine 24 h after 131I theatment. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are measured and cell numbers per high power lens(4×100)are counted in 15, 60, 90 d following 131I treatment respectively. All the data are analysed by Fisher test and q test. Results 15 d posttreatment, neither cell numbers nor serum T3, T4 and TSH among three groups has statistically variance. With time prolonging, serum T3, T4 of group C decreased quicker than the other two groups (in 60 d, T4 of group C is less than group B, q=5.16, P<0.05; in 90 d, T4 of group C is less than group A and B, q value is 3.31 and 7.69 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions Giving the rats euthyrox in time post 131I treatment can not only alleviate the damage in thyroid cells from β-rays, but also decrease the incidence of hypothyroid. On the other hand, giving the rats stable iodine simultaneously probably can prolong the effective half-life of 131I, thus aggravate the damages and increase the incidence of hypothyroid.
Objective To investigate the effects of stable iodine and thyroxin on the hypothyroid occurrence of rats treated with 131I thus to provide reference in clinical 131I therapy for hyperthyroid and nontoxic goiter. Methods 54 Wistar rats are equally divided into three groups, whose 131I dose can be calculated by their mass. Group A accept only 131I as contrast, group B accept Euthyrox (200 pg/d, 30d) after 131I treatment, group C accept 10μmol stable iodine 24 h after 131I theatment. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are measured and cell numbers per high power lens(4×100)are counted in 15, 60, 90 d following 131I treatment respectively. All the data are analysed by Fisher test and q test. Results 15 d posttreatment, neither cell numbers nor serum T3, T4 and TSH among three groups has statistically variance. With time prolonging, serum T3, T4 of group C decreased quicker than the other two groups (in 60 d, T4 of group C is less than group B, q=5.16, P<0.05; in 90 d, T4 of group C is less than group A and B, q value is 3.31 and 7.69 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions Giving the rats euthyrox in time post 131I treatment can not only alleviate the damage in thyroid cells from β-rays, but also decrease the incidence of hypothyroid. On the other hand, giving the rats stable iodine simultaneously probably can prolong the effective half-life of 131I, thus aggravate the damages and increase the incidence of hypothyroid.
2007, 31(6): 329-333.
Abstract:
Radionuclide reporter gene imaging is an effect way to provide qualitative and quantitative information for gene therapy. There are three systems of reporter gcne including kinase reporter gene. perpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) has perfect physical and chemical characteristic which is suit for imaging as reporter gene. It has been widely investigated and intensively researched. Two substrates of HSV1-tk are purine nucleosite derivant and acyclovir derivant, which can also be used as reporter probes of HSV1-tk.
Radionuclide reporter gene imaging is an effect way to provide qualitative and quantitative information for gene therapy. There are three systems of reporter gcne including kinase reporter gene. perpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) has perfect physical and chemical characteristic which is suit for imaging as reporter gene. It has been widely investigated and intensively researched. Two substrates of HSV1-tk are purine nucleosite derivant and acyclovir derivant, which can also be used as reporter probes of HSV1-tk.
2007, 31(6): 334-336.
Abstract:
Cell apoptosis plays a unique role in pathological mechanism of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Animal empirical studies indicate that radionuclide apoptosis imaging can detect neural apoptosis during HIBD, which predicts that it will have important applications in invasive diagnosis, therapy evaluation and prognosis estimation of neural cell apoptosis in the future.
Cell apoptosis plays a unique role in pathological mechanism of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Animal empirical studies indicate that radionuclide apoptosis imaging can detect neural apoptosis during HIBD, which predicts that it will have important applications in invasive diagnosis, therapy evaluation and prognosis estimation of neural cell apoptosis in the future.
2007, 31(6): 337-341.
Abstract:
At present, cancer screening remains a lot of debate in contemporary medical practice. Many constitutes have done a lot of experiments in cancer screening. The same version is that recommendations and decisions regarding cancer screening should be based on reliable data, not self-approbation. Now, some institutes advocate 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET-CT for cancer screening, here, discussed status quo, potential financial, radiation safety and statistical data in 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET-CT cancer screening.
At present, cancer screening remains a lot of debate in contemporary medical practice. Many constitutes have done a lot of experiments in cancer screening. The same version is that recommendations and decisions regarding cancer screening should be based on reliable data, not self-approbation. Now, some institutes advocate 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET-CT for cancer screening, here, discussed status quo, potential financial, radiation safety and statistical data in 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET-CT cancer screening.
2007, 31(6): 341-344.
Abstract:
Early detection of recurrent can improve prognosis and survival of patients with cancer. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) PET can detect metabolic changes before structural changes. The fused imaging provided by PET-CT can precisely localize the loci and demonstrate the complementary roles of functional and anatomic assessments in the diagnosis of cancer recurrence. In addition to the accurate diagnosis and definition of the whole extent of recurrent cancer, 18F-FDG PET and PET-CT can impact patients' management.
Early detection of recurrent can improve prognosis and survival of patients with cancer. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) PET can detect metabolic changes before structural changes. The fused imaging provided by PET-CT can precisely localize the loci and demonstrate the complementary roles of functional and anatomic assessments in the diagnosis of cancer recurrence. In addition to the accurate diagnosis and definition of the whole extent of recurrent cancer, 18F-FDG PET and PET-CT can impact patients' management.
2007, 31(6): 345-349.
Abstract:
PET is a functional imaging modality, which can give some biological information of tumor. PET is more and more important in the definition of target volumes and radiotherapy treatment planning. Depending on its sensitivity and specificity, 18F-fluorideoxyglucose 18F-FDG PET has been shown to influence the selection of target vofumes and radiotherapy treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancers, for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas or for esophageal tumors. On the other hand, for tumors such as rectal carcinomas, convincing data on the value of 18F-FDG PET for target volume selection are still lacking. However, the application of 18F-FDG PET in many aspects of radiotherapy is still controversy. Further researches in its clinical application are still needed to investigate whether 18F-FDG PET for treatment planning should be routine because of the lack of prospective studies.
PET is a functional imaging modality, which can give some biological information of tumor. PET is more and more important in the definition of target volumes and radiotherapy treatment planning. Depending on its sensitivity and specificity, 18F-fluorideoxyglucose 18F-FDG PET has been shown to influence the selection of target vofumes and radiotherapy treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancers, for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas or for esophageal tumors. On the other hand, for tumors such as rectal carcinomas, convincing data on the value of 18F-FDG PET for target volume selection are still lacking. However, the application of 18F-FDG PET in many aspects of radiotherapy is still controversy. Further researches in its clinical application are still needed to investigate whether 18F-FDG PET for treatment planning should be routine because of the lack of prospective studies.
2007, 31(6): 349-353.
Abstract:
Integral PET-CT implemented the unity of anatomy and function. It brings great improvement to the capability of imaging diagnosis and more accuracy information of diagnose and staging, assessment of therapy response and focal localization of radiotherapy on tumors. But it needs to standard the protocols of examination and exam patients according to clinical situation strictly when we have to educe the most diagnostic utility from this imaging modality and avoid the redundant radiant exposure on patients as possible as we can. Discussed some alternative problems about protocols of PET-CT on chest and abdomen tumors such as whole-body or toposcopy, body-position, if contrast agent is need, breathing control, thinking about radiation exposure, dual phase imaging and so on.
Integral PET-CT implemented the unity of anatomy and function. It brings great improvement to the capability of imaging diagnosis and more accuracy information of diagnose and staging, assessment of therapy response and focal localization of radiotherapy on tumors. But it needs to standard the protocols of examination and exam patients according to clinical situation strictly when we have to educe the most diagnostic utility from this imaging modality and avoid the redundant radiant exposure on patients as possible as we can. Discussed some alternative problems about protocols of PET-CT on chest and abdomen tumors such as whole-body or toposcopy, body-position, if contrast agent is need, breathing control, thinking about radiation exposure, dual phase imaging and so on.
2007, 31(6): 354-358.
Abstract:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET or PET-CT is an accurate test for differentiating residual viable tumor tissue from therapy-induced changes in tumor. Furthermore, quantitative assessment of therapy-induced changes in tumor 18F-FDG uptake may allow the prediction of tumor response. Treatment may be adjusted according to tumor response. So it is increasingly used to monitor tumor response in patients undergoing chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Here we focused on practical aspects of 18F-FDG PET or PET-CT for treatment monitoring and on the existing advantages and challenges.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET or PET-CT is an accurate test for differentiating residual viable tumor tissue from therapy-induced changes in tumor. Furthermore, quantitative assessment of therapy-induced changes in tumor 18F-FDG uptake may allow the prediction of tumor response. Treatment may be adjusted according to tumor response. So it is increasingly used to monitor tumor response in patients undergoing chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Here we focused on practical aspects of 18F-FDG PET or PET-CT for treatment monitoring and on the existing advantages and challenges.
2007, 31(6): 359-362.
Abstract:
The combined PET and CT scan provides more accurate detection of tumors by providing the functional and anatomic information simultaneously, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT has clinical value in localizing primary tumor, staging before treatment, monitoring the residual and recurrent diseases after radiotherapy and providing biological target volume to radiation treatment planning.
The combined PET and CT scan provides more accurate detection of tumors by providing the functional and anatomic information simultaneously, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT has clinical value in localizing primary tumor, staging before treatment, monitoring the residual and recurrent diseases after radiotherapy and providing biological target volume to radiation treatment planning.
2007, 31(6): 362-365,369.
Abstract:
Nuclear cardiology has make a little bit progress in the past year. Both nuclear cardiology and other cardiac imaging have its own advantage and disadvantage in the diagnostic of coronary artery disease. And the relationship of them is complementary but not instead of each other. Nuclear cardiology provides a one-stop shop for diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of coronary artery disease. Nuclear cardiology plays a very important role in the diagnostic of coronary artery disease in early stage in the special group of people.
Nuclear cardiology has make a little bit progress in the past year. Both nuclear cardiology and other cardiac imaging have its own advantage and disadvantage in the diagnostic of coronary artery disease. And the relationship of them is complementary but not instead of each other. Nuclear cardiology provides a one-stop shop for diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of coronary artery disease. Nuclear cardiology plays a very important role in the diagnostic of coronary artery disease in early stage in the special group of people.
2007, 31(6): 366-369.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of 131I treatment for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. Methods 100 male patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis were divided equally into two groups, and treated with 131I or antithyroid drugs (ATD). They were followed up regularly for 3 years with the cure rate, the incidence of hypothyroidism, the recurrence rate of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and the side effects, which included granulocytopenia, liver function damage and skin rash from medicinal herbs resource. Results The cure rate of 131I therapy and ATD therapy for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is 80% and 52%, respectively. And there is significant difference between them (χ2=8.73,P<0.01). The group of ATD therapy has a higher recurrence rate of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and more side effects (χ2=18.92, P<0.01;χ2=11.11, P<0.01). While the group of 131I therapy has a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (χ2=6.35, P<0.01). Conclusions 131I is preferable to effectively control the recurrent attacks of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of 131I treatment for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. Methods 100 male patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis were divided equally into two groups, and treated with 131I or antithyroid drugs (ATD). They were followed up regularly for 3 years with the cure rate, the incidence of hypothyroidism, the recurrence rate of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and the side effects, which included granulocytopenia, liver function damage and skin rash from medicinal herbs resource. Results The cure rate of 131I therapy and ATD therapy for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is 80% and 52%, respectively. And there is significant difference between them (χ2=8.73,P<0.01). The group of ATD therapy has a higher recurrence rate of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and more side effects (χ2=18.92, P<0.01;χ2=11.11, P<0.01). While the group of 131I therapy has a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (χ2=6.35, P<0.01). Conclusions 131I is preferable to effectively control the recurrent attacks of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
2007, 31(6): 371-372,376.
Abstract:
There are a lot of hypoxia cells in tumor tissue. These cells trend to induce the DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) under radiation. ICL has potential lethal effect on the cells. Repair of ICL need a period of hours. It is possible to be a strategy in enhance of radiation sensitive by block the repair of ICL.
There are a lot of hypoxia cells in tumor tissue. These cells trend to induce the DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) under radiation. ICL has potential lethal effect on the cells. Repair of ICL need a period of hours. It is possible to be a strategy in enhance of radiation sensitive by block the repair of ICL.
2007, 31(6): 373-376.
Abstract:
Objective A pilot study of ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier (BBB) after whole brain irradiation treatment in rats. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were derided into 5 groups, To observe the changes of ultrastructure of BBB in 16 h after whole brain irradiation with 60Coγ ray in rats,using lanthanum trace labeling with electron microscopy. Results 1.The lanthanum was only seen in the lumens of capillaries but not in the extravessels to the rats of unirradiation. 2.A few tight junctions of capillaries endothelial cell opened through which the lanthanum entering the outside of capillaries but not in the extravessels after irradiation 10Gy. 3.Most tight junctions of endothelial cell opened through which the lanthanum entering the extra cellular space but not enter into the neurons in 20Gy group. 4. The lanthanum through tight junctions of capillary vessel and basement membrane entered the plasma, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons after irradiation treatment 30Gy. 5.To the 40Gy group, Lanthanum nitrate particles existed in the brain tissue diffusely and a few endothelial cells and neurons lost normal configuration. Conclusions 1.The effect that radiation can directly damage the function and structure of BBB were enhanced proportionally with irradiation doses. 2.It is optimum time of chemotherapy after the whole brain irradiation in 30 gray. 3.The whole brain radiotherapy could not more than 40Gy, or it result in irreversible brain injure.
Objective A pilot study of ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier (BBB) after whole brain irradiation treatment in rats. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were derided into 5 groups, To observe the changes of ultrastructure of BBB in 16 h after whole brain irradiation with 60Coγ ray in rats,using lanthanum trace labeling with electron microscopy. Results 1.The lanthanum was only seen in the lumens of capillaries but not in the extravessels to the rats of unirradiation. 2.A few tight junctions of capillaries endothelial cell opened through which the lanthanum entering the outside of capillaries but not in the extravessels after irradiation 10Gy. 3.Most tight junctions of endothelial cell opened through which the lanthanum entering the extra cellular space but not enter into the neurons in 20Gy group. 4. The lanthanum through tight junctions of capillary vessel and basement membrane entered the plasma, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons after irradiation treatment 30Gy. 5.To the 40Gy group, Lanthanum nitrate particles existed in the brain tissue diffusely and a few endothelial cells and neurons lost normal configuration. Conclusions 1.The effect that radiation can directly damage the function and structure of BBB were enhanced proportionally with irradiation doses. 2.It is optimum time of chemotherapy after the whole brain irradiation in 30 gray. 3.The whole brain radiotherapy could not more than 40Gy, or it result in irreversible brain injure.
2007, 31(6): 377-380.
Abstract:
Objective To analyze, research and process curative effect and damaging effect of terminal non small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). Methods Under treatment planning system and CT image guided, 125I seeds were implanted in 89 case confirmed terminal NSCLC and posologic validation and recheck termly. Results The total efficient rate of brachytherapy and chemotherapy group respectively is 97% and 20%. They have the significant difference(χ2=64.92, P<0.01). Conclusion The therapy of radioactive 125I seeds implantation is resulfful. But it unavoidably has low-grade damaging effect.
Objective To analyze, research and process curative effect and damaging effect of terminal non small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). Methods Under treatment planning system and CT image guided, 125I seeds were implanted in 89 case confirmed terminal NSCLC and posologic validation and recheck termly. Results The total efficient rate of brachytherapy and chemotherapy group respectively is 97% and 20%. They have the significant difference(χ2=64.92, P<0.01). Conclusion The therapy of radioactive 125I seeds implantation is resulfful. But it unavoidably has low-grade damaging effect.
2007, 31(6): 381-384.
Abstract:
The 125I is available for braehytherapy with its special biological and physical characters. At present, it is reported that good therapeutic effect of interstitial implantation of 125I brachytherapy seeds used for malignant tumors has taken place widely. Interstitial implantation has a good look in the treatment of malignant tumors with the appearance of and the development of uhrasonograph and CT technology. At present, it has become one of many ways in the treatment of malignant tumors, but there are alse some problems to be resolved in the treatment of malignanl tumors.
The 125I is available for braehytherapy with its special biological and physical characters. At present, it is reported that good therapeutic effect of interstitial implantation of 125I brachytherapy seeds used for malignant tumors has taken place widely. Interstitial implantation has a good look in the treatment of malignant tumors with the appearance of and the development of uhrasonograph and CT technology. At present, it has become one of many ways in the treatment of malignant tumors, but there are alse some problems to be resolved in the treatment of malignanl tumors.
2007, 31(6): 384-386.
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the results of whole nervous system and posterior fossa irradiation for 29 post-oprative patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma. Methods Long term follow-up is exerted for the pathology-confirmation cerebellar medulloblastoma patients between 1996 and 2005. Tbe results is analyzed. Results 3 year and 5 year survival rate is 66.2% and 62.1% repectively. Conclusions The treatment results for the patients is satisfactory, with little side-effect. The result of surgery and the dose for the spiral could be prognostic factors.
Objective To analyze the results of whole nervous system and posterior fossa irradiation for 29 post-oprative patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma. Methods Long term follow-up is exerted for the pathology-confirmation cerebellar medulloblastoma patients between 1996 and 2005. Tbe results is analyzed. Results 3 year and 5 year survival rate is 66.2% and 62.1% repectively. Conclusions The treatment results for the patients is satisfactory, with little side-effect. The result of surgery and the dose for the spiral could be prognostic factors.
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