2007 Vol. 31, No. 3
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2007, 31(3): 129-132.
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Abstract:
Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis and sollid tumor cells. It has been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of tumor growth, local invasiveness, metastatic potential, especially in angiogenesis. Radiolabeld peptides including the tripeptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (single-letter code RGD), which can bind to the αvβ3 integrin with high affinity and selectivity, have been developed for determination of αvβ3 integrin expression.
Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis and sollid tumor cells. It has been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of tumor growth, local invasiveness, metastatic potential, especially in angiogenesis. Radiolabeld peptides including the tripeptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (single-letter code RGD), which can bind to the αvβ3 integrin with high affinity and selectivity, have been developed for determination of αvβ3 integrin expression.
2007, 31(3): 132-135.
Abstract:
The morbidity of diabetes mellitus is gradually increasing. It's most important complication is cardiovascular disease. The coronary disease is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus.The stress myocardial perfusion imaging help diagnose diabetic coronary disease and prognosis judgement and risk assessment. So it can improve the living standard of patients with diabetes mellitus, and decrease the mortality of diabetes mellitus.
The morbidity of diabetes mellitus is gradually increasing. It's most important complication is cardiovascular disease. The coronary disease is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus.The stress myocardial perfusion imaging help diagnose diabetic coronary disease and prognosis judgement and risk assessment. So it can improve the living standard of patients with diabetes mellitus, and decrease the mortality of diabetes mellitus.
2007, 31(3): 135-138.
Abstract:
To obtain a function of precise anatomical localization, it is a goal that SPECT with functional sensitivity aspire to all through. Al though the SPECT hybrid sys tem with non-diagnostic CT could provided more information for clinical practice. It's better function of anatomical localization has confirmed further the role of SPECT in clinical practice. It has a good future in application that is could provide accurate image of attenuaton and function of heart in cardiovascular disease, so that in favor of diagnosis early a n d accurately. The hybrid SPECT-CT help improvedp lanning of diagnosis and therapy for patients with can cersuch as ectopic parathyroid tumours, neuroendocrine tumours, and prostate can cer soon that it could evaluate accurately position a n d characters to those primary or focus of metastases tumours. In general nuclear medicine. It could help clinicians accurately locate the source of infection and improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and Improved therapy planning optimized for each individual patient, it also provide an accurate a ssessment of the morphological-perfusion defect relationship. The SPECT-CT brought high accurateness for functional and anatomical image and so improve workflow.
To obtain a function of precise anatomical localization, it is a goal that SPECT with functional sensitivity aspire to all through. Al though the SPECT hybrid sys tem with non-diagnostic CT could provided more information for clinical practice. It's better function of anatomical localization has confirmed further the role of SPECT in clinical practice. It has a good future in application that is could provide accurate image of attenuaton and function of heart in cardiovascular disease, so that in favor of diagnosis early a n d accurately. The hybrid SPECT-CT help improvedp lanning of diagnosis and therapy for patients with can cersuch as ectopic parathyroid tumours, neuroendocrine tumours, and prostate can cer soon that it could evaluate accurately position a n d characters to those primary or focus of metastases tumours. In general nuclear medicine. It could help clinicians accurately locate the source of infection and improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and Improved therapy planning optimized for each individual patient, it also provide an accurate a ssessment of the morphological-perfusion defect relationship. The SPECT-CT brought high accurateness for functional and anatomical image and so improve workflow.
2007, 31(3): 138-140.
Abstract:
Resistin, a peptide cell factor secreted by fat cells, has wide distributiion in human body and multiple functions. Although resistin probably is a bridge connecting obesity to insulin resistance and diabetes, there are lots of controversies and disconformations among recent studies. So far, the detection method of resistin is enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, relative quantitative real-time PCR,radioimmunoassay and Western blotting. There was a statistically significant difference in serum resistin levels between the groups (breast cancer group 5.23±6.90 mg/L vs. control 1.46±2.00 mg/L). The studies of resistin in application in tumor nuclear medicine will investigate the relationgship of resistin and breast cancer further in the molecular level.
Resistin, a peptide cell factor secreted by fat cells, has wide distributiion in human body and multiple functions. Although resistin probably is a bridge connecting obesity to insulin resistance and diabetes, there are lots of controversies and disconformations among recent studies. So far, the detection method of resistin is enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, relative quantitative real-time PCR,radioimmunoassay and Western blotting. There was a statistically significant difference in serum resistin levels between the groups (breast cancer group 5.23±6.90 mg/L vs. control 1.46±2.00 mg/L). The studies of resistin in application in tumor nuclear medicine will investigate the relationgship of resistin and breast cancer further in the molecular level.
2007, 31(3): 141-144.
Abstract:
PET-CT is a dual-modality imaging tool and has a major role in malignant tumors. The CT antoraic data and metabolic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET data can be obtained with PET-CT scanner in a single study. The fusion imaging of antomic data and metabolic data provides valuable information to help the precise location of disease and to some extent avoid potential pitfalls. 18F-FDG is a glucose analogue and may markedly accumulate in lymphoma cells. 18F-FDGPET-CT plays a very important role in the detection and staging of lymphoma, restaging after treatment, monitoring treatment response and radiotherapy planning, but isn't a substitute of biopsy.
PET-CT is a dual-modality imaging tool and has a major role in malignant tumors. The CT antoraic data and metabolic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET data can be obtained with PET-CT scanner in a single study. The fusion imaging of antomic data and metabolic data provides valuable information to help the precise location of disease and to some extent avoid potential pitfalls. 18F-FDG is a glucose analogue and may markedly accumulate in lymphoma cells. 18F-FDGPET-CT plays a very important role in the detection and staging of lymphoma, restaging after treatment, monitoring treatment response and radiotherapy planning, but isn't a substitute of biopsy.
2007, 31(3): 144-148.
Abstract:
Accurate staging of esophageal cancer is important because optimal management and survival closely correlates with tumor, nodal and metastatic (TNM)stage. 18F-FDG PET, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and CT are performed in staging of newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer.Endoscopic ultrasound has superior T staging ability over PET and CT.18F-FDG PET, endoscopic ultrasound and CT have diffient vaiue for assessment nodal metastases. PET is especially useful when there is suspicion of distant metastases. There will improve the overall accuracy in staging of patients with esophageal cancer by 18F-FDGPET,EUS and CT.
Accurate staging of esophageal cancer is important because optimal management and survival closely correlates with tumor, nodal and metastatic (TNM)stage. 18F-FDG PET, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and CT are performed in staging of newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer.Endoscopic ultrasound has superior T staging ability over PET and CT.18F-FDG PET, endoscopic ultrasound and CT have diffient vaiue for assessment nodal metastases. PET is especially useful when there is suspicion of distant metastases. There will improve the overall accuracy in staging of patients with esophageal cancer by 18F-FDGPET,EUS and CT.
2007, 31(3): 148-150.
Abstract:
Along with positron emission tomography (PET) is widely use, the abnormal uptake of thyroid region is discovered. A lot of these thyroid incidentalomas are malignances. As functional image, PET not only can find the thyroid incidentalomas but also can distinguish the malignant from benign.
Along with positron emission tomography (PET) is widely use, the abnormal uptake of thyroid region is discovered. A lot of these thyroid incidentalomas are malignances. As functional image, PET not only can find the thyroid incidentalomas but also can distinguish the malignant from benign.
2007, 31(3): 151-154.
Abstract:
The predominance of the dual-isotope SPECT technique is reducing the times of detection for patients, saving acquisition time of image. The more and more information is acquired on one detection,and the effect of movement on the imaging is reduced, the problem of imaging match, is solved. This technique has an important clinical significance in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, risk stratifica tion, detection of viable myocardium and assessment of revascularization prognosis. It is a potential nonin-vasive examine method.
The predominance of the dual-isotope SPECT technique is reducing the times of detection for patients, saving acquisition time of image. The more and more information is acquired on one detection,and the effect of movement on the imaging is reduced, the problem of imaging match, is solved. This technique has an important clinical significance in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, risk stratifica tion, detection of viable myocardium and assessment of revascularization prognosis. It is a potential nonin-vasive examine method.
2007, 31(3): 154-157.
Abstract:
The field of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) has made considerable strides in the past few years. Depreotide,a recently developed somatostatin analogue (SSA), has become a hot topic of SRI studies. It plays an important role in the course of diagnosis and differentiation of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Furthermore, it lias much applicative potentials in breast cancer, thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma,thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and so on.
The field of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) has made considerable strides in the past few years. Depreotide,a recently developed somatostatin analogue (SSA), has become a hot topic of SRI studies. It plays an important role in the course of diagnosis and differentiation of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Furthermore, it lias much applicative potentials in breast cancer, thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma,thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and so on.
2007, 31(3): 157-159.
Abstract:
Estrogen plays an important role in breast cancer by binding with estrogen receptor(ER).There are two ER subtypes(α and β).16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) imaging can detect biologically active ER in breast cancer. This nuclear imaging technique can show the effectiveness of antiestrogen treatment and has deep implications on prognosis of breast cancer. Quantitative 18F-FES uptake and antiestrogen treatment response are significantly associated; baseline 18F-FES imaging demonstrated that tumors in the patients who responded to tamoxifen had a higher mean standard uptake value for 18F-FES than the nonresponders. After tamoxifen treatment,the mean tumor 18F-fluoroestradio uptake decreased consistently with binding of tamoxifen and its bioactive metabolites to ERs. While in the metabolic flare responders, the tumor 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake increased 7 to 10 days after tamoxifen treatment
Estrogen plays an important role in breast cancer by binding with estrogen receptor(ER).There are two ER subtypes(α and β).16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) imaging can detect biologically active ER in breast cancer. This nuclear imaging technique can show the effectiveness of antiestrogen treatment and has deep implications on prognosis of breast cancer. Quantitative 18F-FES uptake and antiestrogen treatment response are significantly associated; baseline 18F-FES imaging demonstrated that tumors in the patients who responded to tamoxifen had a higher mean standard uptake value for 18F-FES than the nonresponders. After tamoxifen treatment,the mean tumor 18F-fluoroestradio uptake decreased consistently with binding of tamoxifen and its bioactive metabolites to ERs. While in the metabolic flare responders, the tumor 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake increased 7 to 10 days after tamoxifen treatment
2007, 31(3): 160-162.
Abstract:
Bone pain from metastatic disease is the most common in cancers of the breast, prostate, and lung. Patients, with disseminated, hormone-refractory or chemo-refractory cancer suffered from persisting bone pain, can get benefet from 89Sr. Radionuclide 89Sr, a kind of new theraphy and saltly for metastatic bone cancer.Beta-emitting of 89Sr, bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, concentrate in painful bone lesions,including those that can not be seen by X-ray, CT or MRI. Absorbing of 89Sr by lesions selectively can diminish the radiation dose of normal tissue and highten curative effect.Multicentre observational study proved that has been effective in providing pain relief for metastatic bone cancer with a total response rate of more than 80%, and it's side effects were generally mild. Radionuclide 89Sr together with external beam radiotheraphy or chemotheraphy can bring patients a significant improvement in pain palliation and a cytostatic effect on bone lesions, cut down the side effect and then can also prolong patients survival effectively.
Bone pain from metastatic disease is the most common in cancers of the breast, prostate, and lung. Patients, with disseminated, hormone-refractory or chemo-refractory cancer suffered from persisting bone pain, can get benefet from 89Sr. Radionuclide 89Sr, a kind of new theraphy and saltly for metastatic bone cancer.Beta-emitting of 89Sr, bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, concentrate in painful bone lesions,including those that can not be seen by X-ray, CT or MRI. Absorbing of 89Sr by lesions selectively can diminish the radiation dose of normal tissue and highten curative effect.Multicentre observational study proved that has been effective in providing pain relief for metastatic bone cancer with a total response rate of more than 80%, and it's side effects were generally mild. Radionuclide 89Sr together with external beam radiotheraphy or chemotheraphy can bring patients a significant improvement in pain palliation and a cytostatic effect on bone lesions, cut down the side effect and then can also prolong patients survival effectively.
2007, 31(3): 163-165,172.
Abstract:
Due to the high uptake of the (18F-fluoroleoxyjlucose,18F-FDG) in brain cortex, the conventional way of PET imaging for the brain tumors has been limited, especially when the tumor is of low WHO grade. Lately, some more specific PET imaging agents (11C-methionine,11C-choline,18F-fluorothymidine, etc.) have been developed and are being applied to the PET imaging of brain tumors. The common advantages of these new agents are low background uptake, high contrast of tumor imaging and higher sensitivity for low-grade gliomas. These new agents are expected to make better application in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, planning of radiotherapy and treatment effectiveness monitering of brain tumors than 18F-FDG. This article will make a brief introduction of the application of these non-18F-FDG agents in aspects mentioned above.
Due to the high uptake of the (18F-fluoroleoxyjlucose,18F-FDG) in brain cortex, the conventional way of PET imaging for the brain tumors has been limited, especially when the tumor is of low WHO grade. Lately, some more specific PET imaging agents (11C-methionine,11C-choline,18F-fluorothymidine, etc.) have been developed and are being applied to the PET imaging of brain tumors. The common advantages of these new agents are low background uptake, high contrast of tumor imaging and higher sensitivity for low-grade gliomas. These new agents are expected to make better application in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, planning of radiotherapy and treatment effectiveness monitering of brain tumors than 18F-FDG. This article will make a brief introduction of the application of these non-18F-FDG agents in aspects mentioned above.
2007, 31(3): 166-169.
Abstract:
It is the highest disease rate of cervical cancer in genital organs tumor, and the main transferred way of cervical cancer is lymphatic metabasis. The sentinel lymph node is the first node draining the lymphatic flow from a primary tumor. It has been proposed that the features of simple operation, high detection rate and the high value of negative prediction about the sentinel lymph node detection. The advances in sentinel lymph node detection about concept, methods, histopathology and influencing factors have been overviewed to guide radical hysterectomy with pelvic, reducing wound of operation and pelvic lymph nodes metastasis and the institution of reasonable radiotherapy plan have the important meaning.
It is the highest disease rate of cervical cancer in genital organs tumor, and the main transferred way of cervical cancer is lymphatic metabasis. The sentinel lymph node is the first node draining the lymphatic flow from a primary tumor. It has been proposed that the features of simple operation, high detection rate and the high value of negative prediction about the sentinel lymph node detection. The advances in sentinel lymph node detection about concept, methods, histopathology and influencing factors have been overviewed to guide radical hysterectomy with pelvic, reducing wound of operation and pelvic lymph nodes metastasis and the institution of reasonable radiotherapy plan have the important meaning.
2007, 31(3): 169-172.
Abstract:
With the prolongation of human life, the incidence of osteoporosis is rising.It's important to early diagnosis and prognosis. At present, osteoporosis and its complications are diagnosed mostly by imaging methods. Compared and evaluated the advantages and limitations of traditional imaging technologies,such as double energy X-ray, quantitative CT et al, especially quantitative assay of radionuclide skeletal scintigraphy became a new parameter for osteoporosis diagnosis.
With the prolongation of human life, the incidence of osteoporosis is rising.It's important to early diagnosis and prognosis. At present, osteoporosis and its complications are diagnosed mostly by imaging methods. Compared and evaluated the advantages and limitations of traditional imaging technologies,such as double energy X-ray, quantitative CT et al, especially quantitative assay of radionuclide skeletal scintigraphy became a new parameter for osteoporosis diagnosis.
2007, 31(3): 173-175.
Abstract:
Fragile histidine triad (FHII) gene is a new tumour surpress gene. During the past decade, evidence has accumulated in surport that plays a roll in many tumors. In this review, describe the recent finding between FHIT and upstream or downsream gene in post-radiation, including ATR/CHK1 gene, bcl-2 geme, caspase family, cyclophilin A gene and nuclear factor-κB.
Fragile histidine triad (FHII) gene is a new tumour surpress gene. During the past decade, evidence has accumulated in surport that plays a roll in many tumors. In this review, describe the recent finding between FHIT and upstream or downsream gene in post-radiation, including ATR/CHK1 gene, bcl-2 geme, caspase family, cyclophilin A gene and nuclear factor-κB.
2007, 31(3): 176-179.
Abstract:
Non-targeted and delayed effects are relative phenomena in cellular responses to ionizing radiation.These effects (bystander effects, genomic instability and adaptive responses) have been studied most extensively for radiation exposures. It is clear that adaptive responses, bystander effects and genomic instability will play an important role in the low dose-response to radiation. This review will provide a synthesis of the known, and proposed interrelationships amongst low-dose cellular responses to radiation. It also will examine the potential biological significance of non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Non-targeted and delayed effects are relative phenomena in cellular responses to ionizing radiation.These effects (bystander effects, genomic instability and adaptive responses) have been studied most extensively for radiation exposures. It is clear that adaptive responses, bystander effects and genomic instability will play an important role in the low dose-response to radiation. This review will provide a synthesis of the known, and proposed interrelationships amongst low-dose cellular responses to radiation. It also will examine the potential biological significance of non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.
2007, 31(3): 179-182.
Abstract:
Interleukin-24 (11-24) is a member of interleukin-10 family. Besides its character as a cytokine, IL-24 could induce apoptosis of different kinds of tumor cells without any harmful effects to normal cells. IL-24 could both promote bystander anti-tumor effect,inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models. It also has effects of radiosensitization and immunoregulation.
Interleukin-24 (11-24) is a member of interleukin-10 family. Besides its character as a cytokine, IL-24 could induce apoptosis of different kinds of tumor cells without any harmful effects to normal cells. IL-24 could both promote bystander anti-tumor effect,inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models. It also has effects of radiosensitization and immunoregulation.
2007, 31(3): 182-184.
Abstract:
S100A8 calcium-binding protein is highly conserved, low-molecular-weight acidic protein with important functions. Murine S100A8 is a potent chemoattractant for myeloid cells, and has been associated with a number of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Inactivation of the SI00A8 gene is embryonic lethal. Evidence has indicated that ionizing radiation can induce expression of S100A8 gene, so we confirm that S100A8 gene is a new radiation-induced gene.
S100A8 calcium-binding protein is highly conserved, low-molecular-weight acidic protein with important functions. Murine S100A8 is a potent chemoattractant for myeloid cells, and has been associated with a number of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Inactivation of the SI00A8 gene is embryonic lethal. Evidence has indicated that ionizing radiation can induce expression of S100A8 gene, so we confirm that S100A8 gene is a new radiation-induced gene.
2007, 31(3): 185-188.
Abstract:
The relative biological effect of neutron is high. Therefore, neutron radiation injures body quite seriously. Bone marrow is the most sensitive organ to neutron radiation. Low-dose neutron can injure bone marrow badly and lead to bone marrow form acute radiation sickness. There are a series of lesions in heraatopoiesis system, such as peripheral blood hemogram change, hematopoietic cell damage and bone marrow stromal cell injury. It is very difficult to cure neutron-induced damage of bone marrow. The primarily curable method is comprehensive symptomatic treatments. Cytokines are used at the right moment. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is enforced to cure the very serious bone marrow form acute radiation sickness.
The relative biological effect of neutron is high. Therefore, neutron radiation injures body quite seriously. Bone marrow is the most sensitive organ to neutron radiation. Low-dose neutron can injure bone marrow badly and lead to bone marrow form acute radiation sickness. There are a series of lesions in heraatopoiesis system, such as peripheral blood hemogram change, hematopoietic cell damage and bone marrow stromal cell injury. It is very difficult to cure neutron-induced damage of bone marrow. The primarily curable method is comprehensive symptomatic treatments. Cytokines are used at the right moment. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is enforced to cure the very serious bone marrow form acute radiation sickness.
2007, 31(3): 188-191.
Abstract:
Radiotherapy is one of the important means for the treatment of lung cancer, radioactive seeds permanent brachytherapy treatment for advanced lung cancer with a new majority and effective palliative methods in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and it has been shown encouraging prospects, this paper discusses the progress of the radioactive seeds in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Radiotherapy is one of the important means for the treatment of lung cancer, radioactive seeds permanent brachytherapy treatment for advanced lung cancer with a new majority and effective palliative methods in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and it has been shown encouraging prospects, this paper discusses the progress of the radioactive seeds in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
2007, 31(3): 191-193.
Abstract:
High-dose rate brachytherapy is one of the important methods for the treatment of prostate cancer. In recent years, there is increasing interest to cure the prostate cancer. A review is presented here, it covered with the principle of high-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer, the treatment technology up to the present, the expectation and current situation of the clinical research.
High-dose rate brachytherapy is one of the important methods for the treatment of prostate cancer. In recent years, there is increasing interest to cure the prostate cancer. A review is presented here, it covered with the principle of high-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer, the treatment technology up to the present, the expectation and current situation of the clinical research.
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