2006 Vol. 30, No. 1
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2006, 30(1): 9-13.
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Abstract:
Objective Using a small animal breath test model we designed and L-[1-13C] pheny-lalanine breath test (13C-PheBT) of rats, we investigated its feasibility and validity and determined effective parameter of the test.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley(SD) weighting 280~290g rats randomized into two groups acute hepatitis rats (n=10) and control rats (n=10). Hepatitis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)olive oil administration through intragastric gavage. PheBT was assisted by small mechanical ventilator improved and air samples were collected discontinuously, 20mg/kg body weight L-[1-13C] phenylalanine (13C-Phe)was administered intravenously. Twenty-nine breath samples were taken before and different intervals within sixty minutes after administration. 13C enrichment was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Results All time phase curves of 13C enrichment in rat breath reached a peak almost at 2 min after the intravenous administration of 13C-Phe. The PheBT parameters, 13C excretion rate constant (PheBT-K), of CCI4 hepatitis rats were significantly lower than that of normal control rats[(2.45±0.25)×10-2 min-1 vs (2.98±0.19)×10-2 min-1, t=5.40, P<0.001]. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bile acid (TBA), alkaline phosphatase(AKP) in hepatitis rats were significant higher than that of controls (t value is 8.15, 3.40, 3.90, 4.8 and 4.12 respectively, P<0.05). However 13C fast phase disposition constant did not statis-tically differ between the two groups (t=0.58, P>0.05). PheBT-K had significant negative cor-relation with serum ALT, AKP, TBA and total bilirum TBIL (the correlation coefficient r is-0.74,-0.73,-0.82 and -0.67 respectively, P<0.05), and no statistically significant correlation with serum level of AST(r=0.16, P>0.05).Conclusions It was indicated that the small animal breath test model we designed was a virtual tool to use in experimental study on breath test and PheBT-K was a sensitive index.
Objective Using a small animal breath test model we designed and L-[1-13C] pheny-lalanine breath test (13C-PheBT) of rats, we investigated its feasibility and validity and determined effective parameter of the test.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley(SD) weighting 280~290g rats randomized into two groups acute hepatitis rats (n=10) and control rats (n=10). Hepatitis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)olive oil administration through intragastric gavage. PheBT was assisted by small mechanical ventilator improved and air samples were collected discontinuously, 20mg/kg body weight L-[1-13C] phenylalanine (13C-Phe)was administered intravenously. Twenty-nine breath samples were taken before and different intervals within sixty minutes after administration. 13C enrichment was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Results All time phase curves of 13C enrichment in rat breath reached a peak almost at 2 min after the intravenous administration of 13C-Phe. The PheBT parameters, 13C excretion rate constant (PheBT-K), of CCI4 hepatitis rats were significantly lower than that of normal control rats[(2.45±0.25)×10-2 min-1 vs (2.98±0.19)×10-2 min-1, t=5.40, P<0.001]. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bile acid (TBA), alkaline phosphatase(AKP) in hepatitis rats were significant higher than that of controls (t value is 8.15, 3.40, 3.90, 4.8 and 4.12 respectively, P<0.05). However 13C fast phase disposition constant did not statis-tically differ between the two groups (t=0.58, P>0.05). PheBT-K had significant negative cor-relation with serum ALT, AKP, TBA and total bilirum TBIL (the correlation coefficient r is-0.74,-0.73,-0.82 and -0.67 respectively, P<0.05), and no statistically significant correlation with serum level of AST(r=0.16, P>0.05).Conclusions It was indicated that the small animal breath test model we designed was a virtual tool to use in experimental study on breath test and PheBT-K was a sensitive index.
2006, 30(1): 14-16,38.
Abstract:
Objective To study the biodistribution of 188Re-octreotide in nude mice which bear-ing human H460 non-small-cell lung cancer and to establish the laying foundation of targeting therapy.Methods 188Re-octreotide was injected through tail vein of 16 nude mice, those nude mice were killed and the tumors and major organs were taken out from those mice at 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h after injection, then the radioactivity count of those organs and tumors were measured. Other two nude mouse were injected the same dosage 188Re-octreotide too, SPECT scanning and using regoin of interest technique for semi-quantitative analysis of main organs and tumors'uptake at 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h after injection.Results It was found that the labeling efficiency of 188Re-octreotide was (95.3±1.8)%. 188Re-octreotide was major distributed in tumors, lives, small bowels, large bowels and kidneys in nude mice. The largest uptake of tumors is 9.8%ID/g at 4h after injection and the largest tumor/muscle ratios in the SPECT study in those nude mice is 7.1 at 24h after injection.Conclusion The results indicated that 188Re-octreotide can be located to those tumors which high expressed somatostatin receptor. The tumor/muscle ratios in nude mice is so high that expect to be used for targeting therapy of human H460 non-small-cell lung cancer.
Objective To study the biodistribution of 188Re-octreotide in nude mice which bear-ing human H460 non-small-cell lung cancer and to establish the laying foundation of targeting therapy.Methods 188Re-octreotide was injected through tail vein of 16 nude mice, those nude mice were killed and the tumors and major organs were taken out from those mice at 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h after injection, then the radioactivity count of those organs and tumors were measured. Other two nude mouse were injected the same dosage 188Re-octreotide too, SPECT scanning and using regoin of interest technique for semi-quantitative analysis of main organs and tumors'uptake at 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h after injection.Results It was found that the labeling efficiency of 188Re-octreotide was (95.3±1.8)%. 188Re-octreotide was major distributed in tumors, lives, small bowels, large bowels and kidneys in nude mice. The largest uptake of tumors is 9.8%ID/g at 4h after injection and the largest tumor/muscle ratios in the SPECT study in those nude mice is 7.1 at 24h after injection.Conclusion The results indicated that 188Re-octreotide can be located to those tumors which high expressed somatostatin receptor. The tumor/muscle ratios in nude mice is so high that expect to be used for targeting therapy of human H460 non-small-cell lung cancer.
2006, 30(1): 17-21.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the value of 99mTc-octreotide somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintig-raphy in breast cancer.Methods 15 breast cancer patients underwent 99mTc-octreotide SSTR scintigraphy before surgery, and tumor to normal tissue ratio (T/N) was calculated. mRNA expression of SSTR 1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5 was detected by RT-PCR after surgery. And SSTR2 and SSTR5 expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining in these 15 breast carcinoma as well as other 18 benign breast tissue.Results All of the 15 breast cancer patients showed intense uptake of 99mTc-octreotide, and T/N values were 1.873±0.341. All five SSTR sub-types were variably expressed at the mRNA level in breast cancer with 100% (15/15)amplesshowing SSTR1, 93.30% (14/15) SSTR2, 100% (15/15) SSTR3, 46.70% (7/15)SSTR4 and 86.70% (13/15)SSTR5. Levels of SSTR mRNA, when corrected for glyeraldehyde 3-phosphaate dehydrogenase gene levels, were highest for SSTR3 followed by SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR5, and SSTR4. Good correlation was obtained between the ratio of T/N and the expression of SSTR2 mRNA (r=0.728, P<0.01). Both the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 are higher in malignant ones than in benign breast tissues.Conclusion The results indicate that there was high expression of SSTR in breast cancer. SSTR scintigraphy is of great value in targeted detection of breast cancer.
Objective To evaluate the value of 99mTc-octreotide somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintig-raphy in breast cancer.Methods 15 breast cancer patients underwent 99mTc-octreotide SSTR scintigraphy before surgery, and tumor to normal tissue ratio (T/N) was calculated. mRNA expression of SSTR 1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5 was detected by RT-PCR after surgery. And SSTR2 and SSTR5 expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining in these 15 breast carcinoma as well as other 18 benign breast tissue.Results All of the 15 breast cancer patients showed intense uptake of 99mTc-octreotide, and T/N values were 1.873±0.341. All five SSTR sub-types were variably expressed at the mRNA level in breast cancer with 100% (15/15)amplesshowing SSTR1, 93.30% (14/15) SSTR2, 100% (15/15) SSTR3, 46.70% (7/15)SSTR4 and 86.70% (13/15)SSTR5. Levels of SSTR mRNA, when corrected for glyeraldehyde 3-phosphaate dehydrogenase gene levels, were highest for SSTR3 followed by SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR5, and SSTR4. Good correlation was obtained between the ratio of T/N and the expression of SSTR2 mRNA (r=0.728, P<0.01). Both the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 are higher in malignant ones than in benign breast tissues.Conclusion The results indicate that there was high expression of SSTR in breast cancer. SSTR scintigraphy is of great value in targeted detection of breast cancer.
2006, 30(1): 21-23.
Abstract:
Viable myocardial detection is very important in clinical practice. But the positive predictive value and specificities of all imagining modalities available are still relatively lower, and the causes may relative to the smooth of native or bridge coronary arteries after operation, the time to assess the function of viable myocardium, myocardial ischemia or damage after operation, the severity of left ventricular modification before revascularization and subendocardiac muscle scarring formation. The problems of viabile myocardial detection were still discussed here.
Viable myocardial detection is very important in clinical practice. But the positive predictive value and specificities of all imagining modalities available are still relatively lower, and the causes may relative to the smooth of native or bridge coronary arteries after operation, the time to assess the function of viable myocardium, myocardial ischemia or damage after operation, the severity of left ventricular modification before revascularization and subendocardiac muscle scarring formation. The problems of viabile myocardial detection were still discussed here.
2006, 30(1): 24-26.
Abstract:
The clinical role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose 18F-FDG PET in renal malignant tumor is mainly for diagnosis of primary or recurrent renal tumors and staging and detection of unsuspected metastases. The impact of 18F-FDG PET on disease management is due to the findings and confirmed of metastases, which is superior to conventional imagings, eg. CT. But the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET in the detection of renal cell carcinoma is lower than CT, it may be in connection with the grade or some property of tumor.
The clinical role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose 18F-FDG PET in renal malignant tumor is mainly for diagnosis of primary or recurrent renal tumors and staging and detection of unsuspected metastases. The impact of 18F-FDG PET on disease management is due to the findings and confirmed of metastases, which is superior to conventional imagings, eg. CT. But the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET in the detection of renal cell carcinoma is lower than CT, it may be in connection with the grade or some property of tumor.
The application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in infection and inflammation
2006, 30(1): 26-29.
Abstract:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) is a well-established diagnostic tool in oncology. Recent studies have shown that 18F-FDG PET also is a promising modality in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders. This article expound the reasonable mechanism of the accumulation of 18F-FDG in infectious and inflammatory disorders, and the application and progress of 18F-FDG PET in infection and inflammation.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) is a well-established diagnostic tool in oncology. Recent studies have shown that 18F-FDG PET also is a promising modality in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders. This article expound the reasonable mechanism of the accumulation of 18F-FDG in infectious and inflammatory disorders, and the application and progress of 18F-FDG PET in infection and inflammation.
2006, 30(1): 30-35.
Abstract:
Positron emission tomography(PET) is widely used in early diagnosis, staging, post-treatment follow-up of malignant tumors as well as the differentiation between benign and malignant tumor. So far, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the most popular and mature PET tracer according to its excellent performance in various types of cancer. But in some kind of cancers, 18F-FDG fails to accurately diagnose them. Now with the clinical application of non-glucose metabolic PET tracers like 11C-methionine (11C-MET), 11C-acetate、11C-choline and 18F-fluorodeoxythymidine(18F-FLT), they complement 18F-FDG in improving the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of tumor diagnosis.
Positron emission tomography(PET) is widely used in early diagnosis, staging, post-treatment follow-up of malignant tumors as well as the differentiation between benign and malignant tumor. So far, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the most popular and mature PET tracer according to its excellent performance in various types of cancer. But in some kind of cancers, 18F-FDG fails to accurately diagnose them. Now with the clinical application of non-glucose metabolic PET tracers like 11C-methionine (11C-MET), 11C-acetate、11C-choline and 18F-fluorodeoxythymidine(18F-FLT), they complement 18F-FDG in improving the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of tumor diagnosis.
2006, 30(1): 36-38.
Abstract:
Radioimmunodetection (RII) is the new diagnostic way combined immunology and radiology. It bases on the theory that tumor associated antigen can combine with antibody specially, and then show the tumor lesion position according to the different intensity of nucleus, so it plays an important role in the process of diagnosing tumour. In this article, reviewed the advancement of RII about the investigation and application in gynecological tumor.
Radioimmunodetection (RII) is the new diagnostic way combined immunology and radiology. It bases on the theory that tumor associated antigen can combine with antibody specially, and then show the tumor lesion position according to the different intensity of nucleus, so it plays an important role in the process of diagnosing tumour. In this article, reviewed the advancement of RII about the investigation and application in gynecological tumor.
2006, 30(1): 39-41.
Abstract:
Microdosimetry plays an important role in the clinical application of alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy. There is increasing interest to develop a set of microdosimetric model, which can exactly describe the nonuniformly distribution of dose at cellular or sub-cellular level as well as can be conveniently used in clinic. In this paper, introduce some common methods of microdosimetry and some important affective factors reported in current researches on alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy.
Microdosimetry plays an important role in the clinical application of alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy. There is increasing interest to develop a set of microdosimetric model, which can exactly describe the nonuniformly distribution of dose at cellular or sub-cellular level as well as can be conveniently used in clinic. In this paper, introduce some common methods of microdosimetry and some important affective factors reported in current researches on alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy.
2006, 30(1): 42-47.
Abstract:
Chromatin remodeling plays an important role in DNA repair, gene transcriptional regulation. Remodeling resultes in a series of important changes in chromatin structure, e.g. loosing the condensed chromatin and opening the structure of nucleosome, which leads to increased accessibility of the transcription factors to nucleosomal DNA. CHD (chromodomain, helicase, DNA-binding) genes compose a subfamily of the known chromatin remodeling complexes. Up to now, six human CHD members have been cloned. They contain three main domains:Chromodomain which locates in the N terminus of the proteins, SWI2/SNF2-related ATPase/helicase domain in the middle region, DNA-binding domain in the C terminus. The mutation or abnor-mal expression of CHD gene is thought to be related to some human diseases.
Chromatin remodeling plays an important role in DNA repair, gene transcriptional regulation. Remodeling resultes in a series of important changes in chromatin structure, e.g. loosing the condensed chromatin and opening the structure of nucleosome, which leads to increased accessibility of the transcription factors to nucleosomal DNA. CHD (chromodomain, helicase, DNA-binding) genes compose a subfamily of the known chromatin remodeling complexes. Up to now, six human CHD members have been cloned. They contain three main domains:Chromodomain which locates in the N terminus of the proteins, SWI2/SNF2-related ATPase/helicase domain in the middle region, DNA-binding domain in the C terminus. The mutation or abnor-mal expression of CHD gene is thought to be related to some human diseases.
2006, 30(1): 47-49.
Abstract:
Malignant transformation is a complex multistep process involving numerous genetic changes, which include loss of tumor suppressor gene function, oncogene activation and alteration of modifier genes. During the past decade, evidence has accumulated in support that FHIT, as a new tumor suppressor gene, plays a roll in many tumors. In this review, described the recent findings in the molecular biology of FHIT, with particular focus on its relationship with radiation carcinogenesis.
Malignant transformation is a complex multistep process involving numerous genetic changes, which include loss of tumor suppressor gene function, oncogene activation and alteration of modifier genes. During the past decade, evidence has accumulated in support that FHIT, as a new tumor suppressor gene, plays a roll in many tumors. In this review, described the recent findings in the molecular biology of FHIT, with particular focus on its relationship with radiation carcinogenesis.
2006, 30(1): 50-52.
Abstract:
Recently, histone H2AX has been proved to play an important role in DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoints, genomic stability and tumor suppression. The histone variant H2AX is phosphorylated (denoted as γ-H2AX) in response to the induced DNA double-stranded breaks. And γ-H2AX has been shown to have a rapid and sensitive response to DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation. Because γ-H2AX is a reliable marker to DNA double-strand breaks, γ-H2AX assay will make great future in detecting DNA double-strand breaks caused by ionizing radiation, especially in low levels of ionizing radiation.
Recently, histone H2AX has been proved to play an important role in DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoints, genomic stability and tumor suppression. The histone variant H2AX is phosphorylated (denoted as γ-H2AX) in response to the induced DNA double-stranded breaks. And γ-H2AX has been shown to have a rapid and sensitive response to DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation. Because γ-H2AX is a reliable marker to DNA double-strand breaks, γ-H2AX assay will make great future in detecting DNA double-strand breaks caused by ionizing radiation, especially in low levels of ionizing radiation.
2006, 30(1): 53-55.
Abstract:
The angiopoietin (Ang) family is important angiogenesis factor, including four members:Ang-1, Ang-2, Ang-3, Ang-4 It play critical role for blood vessel formation. With the progressing of studying about angiopoietion, it has been found that it take part in many diseasesis about angiogenesis. So it will be used widely in future in a lot of diseases,such as ischemic disease, tumor and wounding healing.
The angiopoietin (Ang) family is important angiogenesis factor, including four members:Ang-1, Ang-2, Ang-3, Ang-4 It play critical role for blood vessel formation. With the progressing of studying about angiopoietion, it has been found that it take part in many diseasesis about angiogenesis. So it will be used widely in future in a lot of diseases,such as ischemic disease, tumor and wounding healing.
2006, 30(1): 56-59.
Abstract:
The acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is hard to be, overcome as the hot medical problem. This article presents the recent advances in the treatment:(1) The amifostin(WR-2721) be mechanism and earlier periods of the cell protection to apply may interrupt organize harm. (2) New directions for therapy are stressed, using cytokines to enhance recovery of hematopoiesis and immune reconstitution. (3) The article presents guidelines for the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the importance treatment meaning to the ARS. (4) Indications of preemptive therapy of fungal infection in patients are described.
The acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is hard to be, overcome as the hot medical problem. This article presents the recent advances in the treatment:(1) The amifostin(WR-2721) be mechanism and earlier periods of the cell protection to apply may interrupt organize harm. (2) New directions for therapy are stressed, using cytokines to enhance recovery of hematopoiesis and immune reconstitution. (3) The article presents guidelines for the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the importance treatment meaning to the ARS. (4) Indications of preemptive therapy of fungal infection in patients are described.
2006, 30(1): 59-62.
Abstract:
Induction of hormesis and adaptive response by low-dose radiatio (LDR) has been extensively indicated. It's mechanism may be related with the protective protein and antioxidants that LDR induced, which take effects on the diabetes mellitus (DM) and other diseases. This review will summarize available data with emphasis on three points:the preventive effect of LDR on the development of diabetes, the therapeutic effect of LDR on diabetic complications and possible mechanisms by which LDR prevents the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Finally, the perspectives of LDR clinical, diabetes-related implication are discussed.
Induction of hormesis and adaptive response by low-dose radiatio (LDR) has been extensively indicated. It's mechanism may be related with the protective protein and antioxidants that LDR induced, which take effects on the diabetes mellitus (DM) and other diseases. This review will summarize available data with emphasis on three points:the preventive effect of LDR on the development of diabetes, the therapeutic effect of LDR on diabetic complications and possible mechanisms by which LDR prevents the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Finally, the perspectives of LDR clinical, diabetes-related implication are discussed.
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