2005 Vol. 29, No. 2
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2005, 29(2): 49-49.
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Abstract:
2005, 29(2): 50-52.
Abstract:
Neuroblastoma,a childhood radiosensitive tumor, is very aggressive and maligment. The combination of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine(131I-MIBG) with chemotherapy has resently been employed in the treatment of advanced stage neuroblastoma with encouraging results. In this paper, we reviewed results that several different ways are being assessed of treating neuroblastoma by combining 131I-MIBG with chemotherapy and immumotherapy and discusioned about mechanism of combination therapy.
Neuroblastoma,a childhood radiosensitive tumor, is very aggressive and maligment. The combination of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine(131I-MIBG) with chemotherapy has resently been employed in the treatment of advanced stage neuroblastoma with encouraging results. In this paper, we reviewed results that several different ways are being assessed of treating neuroblastoma by combining 131I-MIBG with chemotherapy and immumotherapy and discusioned about mechanism of combination therapy.
2005, 29(2): 53-56.
Abstract:
Mostly radionuclide therapy was used as a sole method in clinical practice and seldom combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy as a treatment procotol. Pain palliation of bone metastases has become a main field in radionuclide therapy in the recent years and strontium-89 is a main radionuclide clinically used. Combining with chemotherapy, doxorubicin, gemcitabin, cisplatin, and radiotherapy can enhance the affect of radionuclide therapy and prolong the period of pain palliation. This con-comitant method was used in the treatment of lymphoma, neuroblastoma and glioma and showed excellent prospect.
Mostly radionuclide therapy was used as a sole method in clinical practice and seldom combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy as a treatment procotol. Pain palliation of bone metastases has become a main field in radionuclide therapy in the recent years and strontium-89 is a main radionuclide clinically used. Combining with chemotherapy, doxorubicin, gemcitabin, cisplatin, and radiotherapy can enhance the affect of radionuclide therapy and prolong the period of pain palliation. This con-comitant method was used in the treatment of lymphoma, neuroblastoma and glioma and showed excellent prospect.
2005, 29(2): 57-63.
Abstract:
Normally, thyroid cancer is a disease with a good prognosis, but about 30% of the tumors dedifferentiate and may finally develop into highly malignant thyroid carcinoma with a mean survival time of less than 8 months. Due to the loss of thyroid-specific functions associated with dedifferentiation. These tumors are inaccessible to standard therapeutic procedures such as radioiodine therapy and thyroxine-mediated thyrotropin suppression. Medullary thyroid carcinomas are also highly aggressive. Here, therapy is limited to surgery, and no alternative is left if patients do not respond to this standard procedures. Several novel approaches are currently being tested for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Many of them utilize methods of gene therapy:① reintroduction of the tumor suppressor p53; ② suicide gene therapy; ③ anti-tumor immune response by expression of an adenovirus-delivered interleukin-2(IL-2)gene; ④ immune response by DNA vaccination against the tumor marker calcitonin; ⑤ transduction of the thyroid sodium/iodine transporter gene to make tissues that do not accumulate iodide treatable by radioiodide therapy; ⑥ blocking of the expression of the oncogene c-myc by antisense oligonuleotides; ⑦ radioimmunotherapy by a radiolabelled antibody; ⑧ retinoic acid is used for a redifferentiation therapy, and ⑨ somatostatin.
Normally, thyroid cancer is a disease with a good prognosis, but about 30% of the tumors dedifferentiate and may finally develop into highly malignant thyroid carcinoma with a mean survival time of less than 8 months. Due to the loss of thyroid-specific functions associated with dedifferentiation. These tumors are inaccessible to standard therapeutic procedures such as radioiodine therapy and thyroxine-mediated thyrotropin suppression. Medullary thyroid carcinomas are also highly aggressive. Here, therapy is limited to surgery, and no alternative is left if patients do not respond to this standard procedures. Several novel approaches are currently being tested for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Many of them utilize methods of gene therapy:① reintroduction of the tumor suppressor p53; ② suicide gene therapy; ③ anti-tumor immune response by expression of an adenovirus-delivered interleukin-2(IL-2)gene; ④ immune response by DNA vaccination against the tumor marker calcitonin; ⑤ transduction of the thyroid sodium/iodine transporter gene to make tissues that do not accumulate iodide treatable by radioiodide therapy; ⑥ blocking of the expression of the oncogene c-myc by antisense oligonuleotides; ⑦ radioimmunotherapy by a radiolabelled antibody; ⑧ retinoic acid is used for a redifferentiation therapy, and ⑨ somatostatin.
2005, 29(2): 63-66.
Abstract:
Currently, recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is only approved in USA and Europe for diag-nostic monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. However, there are many other potential uses for rhTSH, including facilitation of treatment of patients with thyroid cancer and nodular goiter. The therapeutic role of rhTSH in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and nodular goiter will be discussed in this review.
Currently, recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is only approved in USA and Europe for diag-nostic monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. However, there are many other potential uses for rhTSH, including facilitation of treatment of patients with thyroid cancer and nodular goiter. The therapeutic role of rhTSH in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and nodular goiter will be discussed in this review.
2005, 29(2): 67-70.
Abstract:
Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies to specifically target B cells has provided new strategy to many patients with indolent lymphomas. Lymphomas are extremely sensitive to radiation, and significant progress has been made over the last decade in the development of radioimmunotherapy with 131I labeled anti-CD20 antibodies(Bexxar).
Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies to specifically target B cells has provided new strategy to many patients with indolent lymphomas. Lymphomas are extremely sensitive to radiation, and significant progress has been made over the last decade in the development of radioimmunotherapy with 131I labeled anti-CD20 antibodies(Bexxar).
2005, 29(2): 70-73.
Abstract:
The fields of gene imaging and therapy have made considerable strides in the last decade by the development of new vectors, reporter genes and therapeutic genes. NIS plays role in both imaging and therapy for cancer gene therapy when combined with various radioactive isotopes. With the develop of relative subjects, particularly with molecular biology and gene therapeutic techniques, studies on nuclide gene imaging and therapy will go further.
The fields of gene imaging and therapy have made considerable strides in the last decade by the development of new vectors, reporter genes and therapeutic genes. NIS plays role in both imaging and therapy for cancer gene therapy when combined with various radioactive isotopes. With the develop of relative subjects, particularly with molecular biology and gene therapeutic techniques, studies on nuclide gene imaging and therapy will go further.
2005, 29(2): 74-78.
Abstract:
Results from preclinical and clinical multicenter studies with radiolabeled somatostatin ana-logues for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT) already have shown an effective therapeutic response. The combination of different therapy modalities holds interest as a means of improving the clinical therapeutic effects of radiolabeled peptides. The combination of different radionuclides, such as 177Lu- and 90Y-labeled somatostatin analogues, to reach a wider tumor region of high curability, has been described. A variety of other peptide-based radioligands, such as bombesin and NPY analogues, receptors for which are expressed on common cancers such as prostate and breast cancer, are currently under development. Multireceptor tumor targeting using the combination of bombesin and NPY analogues is promising for scintigraphy and PRRT of breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases.
Results from preclinical and clinical multicenter studies with radiolabeled somatostatin ana-logues for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT) already have shown an effective therapeutic response. The combination of different therapy modalities holds interest as a means of improving the clinical therapeutic effects of radiolabeled peptides. The combination of different radionuclides, such as 177Lu- and 90Y-labeled somatostatin analogues, to reach a wider tumor region of high curability, has been described. A variety of other peptide-based radioligands, such as bombesin and NPY analogues, receptors for which are expressed on common cancers such as prostate and breast cancer, are currently under development. Multireceptor tumor targeting using the combination of bombesin and NPY analogues is promising for scintigraphy and PRRT of breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases.
2005, 29(2): 79-84.
Abstract:
The values of 90Y-octreotide and 177Lu-octreotate in tumor treatment were briefly reviewed.The rationale of clinincal applications, the distribution of radiopeptide in tumor and nomal tissues and appli-cation of renal protective agents were reviewed as well. Tumor with potential therapeutic responses are many such as non-iodide avid cancer of thyroid gland, Hurthle cell thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, neuroendo-gastro-entero-pancreatic(GEP)tumor, small cell l cancer, carcinoid tumors and pheochromocytoma. The current state of clinical use of radiopeptide for therapy of tumors, the development of new compounds and future development, the dosage of radiopeptide for tumor treatment with well tolerated and remarkable clinical benefit were presented.
The values of 90Y-octreotide and 177Lu-octreotate in tumor treatment were briefly reviewed.The rationale of clinincal applications, the distribution of radiopeptide in tumor and nomal tissues and appli-cation of renal protective agents were reviewed as well. Tumor with potential therapeutic responses are many such as non-iodide avid cancer of thyroid gland, Hurthle cell thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, neuroendo-gastro-entero-pancreatic(GEP)tumor, small cell l cancer, carcinoid tumors and pheochromocytoma. The current state of clinical use of radiopeptide for therapy of tumors, the development of new compounds and future development, the dosage of radiopeptide for tumor treatment with well tolerated and remarkable clinical benefit were presented.
2005, 29(2): 85-88.
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on the principles of magnetic resonance, the chemi-cal shift, and spin coupling is a technique that allows examination of the metabolites and biochemical nature in vivo without the need for invasive procedures. Non-invasive detection of metabolite concentration using MR spectroscopy can provide valuable information in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In localized brain MR spectroscopy, the measurement results of brain metabolites had often been expressed as ratios rather than as absolute concentration; however, drawbacks of ratios have been mentioned in the literature. More recently MR spectroscopists have paid attention to acquire absolute concentrations using internal reference or external reference filled with brain metabolites. Concerning metabolite analysis in clinical MR spectroscopy studies, absolute concentrations have advantages over metabolite ratios. This article reviewed the principle of MRS and its methods in quantitative measurement of brain metabolite concentrations.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on the principles of magnetic resonance, the chemi-cal shift, and spin coupling is a technique that allows examination of the metabolites and biochemical nature in vivo without the need for invasive procedures. Non-invasive detection of metabolite concentration using MR spectroscopy can provide valuable information in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In localized brain MR spectroscopy, the measurement results of brain metabolites had often been expressed as ratios rather than as absolute concentration; however, drawbacks of ratios have been mentioned in the literature. More recently MR spectroscopists have paid attention to acquire absolute concentrations using internal reference or external reference filled with brain metabolites. Concerning metabolite analysis in clinical MR spectroscopy studies, absolute concentrations have advantages over metabolite ratios. This article reviewed the principle of MRS and its methods in quantitative measurement of brain metabolite concentrations.
2005, 29(2): 89-92.
Abstract:
MRI has an important role in diagnosis, treatment and followed up for patients with brain metastases. The volume of metastases, state of the primary disease, kps, extracranial metastases, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, adjuvant whole brain radiation therapy(WBRT) were the most importance factors associated with the effect of stereotactic radiotherapy. Treatment of brain metastases using stereotactic radiosurgery alone will to be the mainstay of management for patients with brain metastases. The value of fraction stereotactic radiotherapy in treatment brain metastases was not confirmed.
MRI has an important role in diagnosis, treatment and followed up for patients with brain metastases. The volume of metastases, state of the primary disease, kps, extracranial metastases, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, adjuvant whole brain radiation therapy(WBRT) were the most importance factors associated with the effect of stereotactic radiotherapy. Treatment of brain metastases using stereotactic radiosurgery alone will to be the mainstay of management for patients with brain metastases. The value of fraction stereotactic radiotherapy in treatment brain metastases was not confirmed.
2005, 29(2): 93-96.
Abstract:
Mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and so on are the major imaging examining methods in the diagnosis of breast tumors. In this review, recent literatures were reviewed and a comparence was made.Then we found that every method had its advantage as well as its disadvantage, so clinic shoud select proper methords according different breast diseases, and breast imaging shound chang from one method to many methods applied together and from diagnosis to diagnosis and therapy applied together.
Mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and so on are the major imaging examining methods in the diagnosis of breast tumors. In this review, recent literatures were reviewed and a comparence was made.Then we found that every method had its advantage as well as its disadvantage, so clinic shoud select proper methords according different breast diseases, and breast imaging shound chang from one method to many methods applied together and from diagnosis to diagnosis and therapy applied together.
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