2004 Vol. 28, No. 1
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2004, 28(1): 3-5.
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Abstract:
Metabolic imaging with 18F-fluorine-2-deoxy-D-gluc (18F-FDG) has unique clinical application value in the investigation and diagnosis for clinical oncology、myocardial viability and some central nervous system disorders. The standardized uptake value is regularly used as analyzing way of demi-quantuative. It reflects indirectly constitution glucose metabolic rate, and it is also convenient and quick.But, because it may be affected by many factors such as body height, body weight, blood sugar and insulin level, and the image time after injection FDG, layout to regional of interest et al, it is very important that the standardized to SUV assay be payed attention in the process of clinical application.
Metabolic imaging with 18F-fluorine-2-deoxy-D-gluc (18F-FDG) has unique clinical application value in the investigation and diagnosis for clinical oncology、myocardial viability and some central nervous system disorders. The standardized uptake value is regularly used as analyzing way of demi-quantuative. It reflects indirectly constitution glucose metabolic rate, and it is also convenient and quick.But, because it may be affected by many factors such as body height, body weight, blood sugar and insulin level, and the image time after injection FDG, layout to regional of interest et al, it is very important that the standardized to SUV assay be payed attention in the process of clinical application.
2004, 28(1): 6-8,25.
Abstract:
Apoptosis radionuclide imaging is a novel method for the detection of apoptosis, characterised with direct, noninvasive and real-time imaging. It is useful in the observation of brain and myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, detection of organ graft rejection and evaluation of tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy effect, but further investigation should be done.
Apoptosis radionuclide imaging is a novel method for the detection of apoptosis, characterised with direct, noninvasive and real-time imaging. It is useful in the observation of brain and myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, detection of organ graft rejection and evaluation of tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy effect, but further investigation should be done.
2004, 28(1): 9-11.
Abstract:
It has been demonstrated that apoptosis occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, and how to quantificate and monitor the process of apoptosis is very important in clinical decision-making.This review summarized the progressing of studying about radio nuclide imaging of myocardial apopto-sis by 99Tcm-labeled annexin V in acute cardiac rejection in cardiac transplantation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and evaluating the effect of antiapoptosis drugs, etc.
It has been demonstrated that apoptosis occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, and how to quantificate and monitor the process of apoptosis is very important in clinical decision-making.This review summarized the progressing of studying about radio nuclide imaging of myocardial apopto-sis by 99Tcm-labeled annexin V in acute cardiac rejection in cardiac transplantation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and evaluating the effect of antiapoptosis drugs, etc.
2004, 28(1): 12-14.
Abstract:
PET scanning in colorectal carcinoma has a definite clinical impact on identification of primary and metastatic tumor, especially on detection, staging, and administration of the recurrent colorectal cancer and liver metastases.In addition, combined with CT, MRI, CEA and other techniques, PET can improve accuracy in diagnosis.Meanwhile, it is also important to monitor curative effect of colorectal cancer.
PET scanning in colorectal carcinoma has a definite clinical impact on identification of primary and metastatic tumor, especially on detection, staging, and administration of the recurrent colorectal cancer and liver metastases.In addition, combined with CT, MRI, CEA and other techniques, PET can improve accuracy in diagnosis.Meanwhile, it is also important to monitor curative effect of colorectal cancer.
2004, 28(1): 15-17.
Abstract:
Because of the poor prognosis for patients with esophageal cancer and the risks associat-ed with surgical intervention, accurate staging is essential for optimal treatment planning.Positron emis-sion tomography(PET)with 18F-fluoro deoxy-d-glucose(FDG) is a useful adjunct to more conventional imaging modalities in this setting.18F-FDG PET is not an appropriate first-line diagnostic procedure in the detection of esophageal cancer and is not helpful in detecting local invasion by the primary tumor, and further studies are required to determine its efficacy in the detection of local nodal metastases.Howev-er, 18F-FDG PET is superior to anatomic imaging modalities in the ability to detect distant metastases.Metastases to the liver, lungs, and skeleton can readily be identified at 18F-FDG PET.In addition, 18F-FDG PET has proved valuable in determining the resectability of disease and allows scan-ning of a larger volume, which is possible with computed tomography.Recurrent disease is readily di-agnosed and differentiat-ed from scar tissue with 18F-FDG PET.In addition, 18F-FDG PET may play a valuable role in the follow-up of patients who undergo chemotherapy and radiation therapy, allowing early changes in treatment for unre-sponsive tumors.The management of most patients with esophageal cancer can be improved with the use of 18F-FDG PET.
Because of the poor prognosis for patients with esophageal cancer and the risks associat-ed with surgical intervention, accurate staging is essential for optimal treatment planning.Positron emis-sion tomography(PET)with 18F-fluoro deoxy-d-glucose(FDG) is a useful adjunct to more conventional imaging modalities in this setting.18F-FDG PET is not an appropriate first-line diagnostic procedure in the detection of esophageal cancer and is not helpful in detecting local invasion by the primary tumor, and further studies are required to determine its efficacy in the detection of local nodal metastases.Howev-er, 18F-FDG PET is superior to anatomic imaging modalities in the ability to detect distant metastases.Metastases to the liver, lungs, and skeleton can readily be identified at 18F-FDG PET.In addition, 18F-FDG PET has proved valuable in determining the resectability of disease and allows scan-ning of a larger volume, which is possible with computed tomography.Recurrent disease is readily di-agnosed and differentiat-ed from scar tissue with 18F-FDG PET.In addition, 18F-FDG PET may play a valuable role in the follow-up of patients who undergo chemotherapy and radiation therapy, allowing early changes in treatment for unre-sponsive tumors.The management of most patients with esophageal cancer can be improved with the use of 18F-FDG PET.
2004, 28(1): 18-21.
Abstract:
Interstitial brachytherapy could increase local radiation doses of brain tumors.For selective patients with primary and recurrent malignant gliomas and solitary brain metastasis, it was a safe and effective additional method to improve the local control rate and prolong the survival time without severe complications.
Interstitial brachytherapy could increase local radiation doses of brain tumors.For selective patients with primary and recurrent malignant gliomas and solitary brain metastasis, it was a safe and effective additional method to improve the local control rate and prolong the survival time without severe complications.
2004, 28(1): 21-25.
Abstract:
Recently, multimodality treatment for cancer is used to improve the therapeutic re-sponse and prolongate survival of the patients.Radionuclides therapy is a promising technology as a comple-mental method of surgery, chemotherapy and external radiotherapy.The requirements for ra-dionuclide therapy are explicated in this paper.Radiopharmaceuticals including chemical drugs, radio-labeled col-loids and particles, as well as immunotherapeutic agents and peptides directed against ma-lignant tumor in clinical application are illustrated.
Recently, multimodality treatment for cancer is used to improve the therapeutic re-sponse and prolongate survival of the patients.Radionuclides therapy is a promising technology as a comple-mental method of surgery, chemotherapy and external radiotherapy.The requirements for ra-dionuclide therapy are explicated in this paper.Radiopharmaceuticals including chemical drugs, radio-labeled col-loids and particles, as well as immunotherapeutic agents and peptides directed against ma-lignant tumor in clinical application are illustrated.
2004, 28(1): 26-29.
Abstract:
DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation has a direct effect on DNA replication, transcription and protein synthesis.Further, heredity, development and metabolism of the cells can be affected.DNA damage was an importance factor for mutation of cells, furthermore, carcinogen can be caused by severe mutation.However, there is a DNA repair system in the organism, and especially DNA repair gene plays an important role for DNA damage.This review will briefly present DNA re-pair gene and its function.
DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation has a direct effect on DNA replication, transcription and protein synthesis.Further, heredity, development and metabolism of the cells can be affected.DNA damage was an importance factor for mutation of cells, furthermore, carcinogen can be caused by severe mutation.However, there is a DNA repair system in the organism, and especially DNA repair gene plays an important role for DNA damage.This review will briefly present DNA re-pair gene and its function.
2004, 28(1): 30-33.
Abstract:
The AL cell assay employs a human-hamster hybrid cell lines which contains a sin-gle human chromosome-number 11.AL cells are convenient for studying linkage between selected human genes-and detecting effect of low-dose mutant.AL cells will aid in the understanding of the mutagenic effects of different types of ionizing radiation.
The AL cell assay employs a human-hamster hybrid cell lines which contains a sin-gle human chromosome-number 11.AL cells are convenient for studying linkage between selected human genes-and detecting effect of low-dose mutant.AL cells will aid in the understanding of the mutagenic effects of different types of ionizing radiation.
2004, 28(1): 33-36.
Abstract:
Some may be malignant transformation, some may die immediately, and the other may be alive which produce radioadaptive responses and radioresistance.Recently, it has been reported that there is close relationship between cell cycle alterations and different injury effects caused by radiation.Cell cycle may be arrested and delayed by irradiation in which G1-phase, S-phase and G2/M-phase checkpoints may play a major role.Therefore different signal transduction pathways and moleculars are involved in the checkpoints responses.Furthermore, studies on the cell cycle checkpoints responses to radiation are quite important in radiation biology, because it could not only provide the theorical basis for the elucidation of cancer caused by radiation, but also gain further insight into investigation and developing radiosensitive drugs for clinical radiotherapy.
Some may be malignant transformation, some may die immediately, and the other may be alive which produce radioadaptive responses and radioresistance.Recently, it has been reported that there is close relationship between cell cycle alterations and different injury effects caused by radiation.Cell cycle may be arrested and delayed by irradiation in which G1-phase, S-phase and G2/M-phase checkpoints may play a major role.Therefore different signal transduction pathways and moleculars are involved in the checkpoints responses.Furthermore, studies on the cell cycle checkpoints responses to radiation are quite important in radiation biology, because it could not only provide the theorical basis for the elucidation of cancer caused by radiation, but also gain further insight into investigation and developing radiosensitive drugs for clinical radiotherapy.
2004, 28(1): 37-40.
Abstract:
Astrocyte is the most glial cell in the central nervous system.In the present experi-ment, radiation injury to the central nervous system(CNS)triggers a large network of cellular changes including neuron, glialcell and endothelial cell in morphology and metabolism and function.Astrocyte changes rapidly after ionizing radiation.There is a ralationship between astrocyte and the pathologic process and function recover of damaged brain tissue following CNS injury.This suggests that astrocyte plays an important role in cure of clinical radiation injury.
Astrocyte is the most glial cell in the central nervous system.In the present experi-ment, radiation injury to the central nervous system(CNS)triggers a large network of cellular changes including neuron, glialcell and endothelial cell in morphology and metabolism and function.Astrocyte changes rapidly after ionizing radiation.There is a ralationship between astrocyte and the pathologic process and function recover of damaged brain tissue following CNS injury.This suggests that astrocyte plays an important role in cure of clinical radiation injury.
2004, 28(1): 41-44.
Abstract:
Understanding the mechanisms of radiation-induced CNS injury may help to develop strategies to increase the radiation tolerance and treat CNS injury induced by radiation.The article re-views the cellular mechanisms about neurons, oligodendrocytes, demyelination, vasculature and so on, and the molecular mechanisms of the apoptosis signal transduction and gene expression induced by radi-ation.
Understanding the mechanisms of radiation-induced CNS injury may help to develop strategies to increase the radiation tolerance and treat CNS injury induced by radiation.The article re-views the cellular mechanisms about neurons, oligodendrocytes, demyelination, vasculature and so on, and the molecular mechanisms of the apoptosis signal transduction and gene expression induced by radi-ation.
2004, 28(1): 44-46.
Abstract:
Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) was considered to be a biologically irrelevant interme-diate in the pathway of steroid hormones.DHEA provides one of the first avenues by which the im-mune system can be globally regulated to increase resistance to a variety of lethal infections.The downstream metabolites of DHEA particularly androstenediol(AED) and androstenetriol(AET) were sig-nificantly more efficacious at preventing morbidity and mortality associated with viral and bacterial in-fection.
Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) was considered to be a biologically irrelevant interme-diate in the pathway of steroid hormones.DHEA provides one of the first avenues by which the im-mune system can be globally regulated to increase resistance to a variety of lethal infections.The downstream metabolites of DHEA particularly androstenediol(AED) and androstenetriol(AET) were sig-nificantly more efficacious at preventing morbidity and mortality associated with viral and bacterial in-fection.
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