2003 Vol. 27, No. 3
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2003, 27(3): 97-100.
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Abstract:
Values of 111In-octreotide and 99Tcm-NeoTec in tumor diagnosis are briefly reviewed. There are great values in diagnosis and follow up for patients with carcinoid tumor, medullary cancer of thyroid, and neuroendocrine tumors from pancreas or upper respiratory tract.Somatostatin receptors are also distributed in organs outside the classical neuroendocrine tissues. Positive studies are also found in patients with differentiated cancer of thyroid whose tuor have lost iodide concentrating ability, exophthalmos in Graves' disease or granulomatous process in sarcoidosis. The successes of tumor imaging with labeled somatostatin analogues have led to the development of radionuclide therapy for these tumors with the labeled analogues.The technics in labeling of somatostatin analogues have also led the expanded interests and studies of other peptides in molecular imaging.
Values of 111In-octreotide and 99Tcm-NeoTec in tumor diagnosis are briefly reviewed. There are great values in diagnosis and follow up for patients with carcinoid tumor, medullary cancer of thyroid, and neuroendocrine tumors from pancreas or upper respiratory tract.Somatostatin receptors are also distributed in organs outside the classical neuroendocrine tissues. Positive studies are also found in patients with differentiated cancer of thyroid whose tuor have lost iodide concentrating ability, exophthalmos in Graves' disease or granulomatous process in sarcoidosis. The successes of tumor imaging with labeled somatostatin analogues have led to the development of radionuclide therapy for these tumors with the labeled analogues.The technics in labeling of somatostatin analogues have also led the expanded interests and studies of other peptides in molecular imaging.
2003, 27(3): 101-104.
Abstract:
Pulmonary embolism has high incidence and mortality if treated improperly, but it was mistakenly diagnosed easily. So rapid and right diagnosis is crucial in successful treatment and gaining good prognosis. X-ray film is the necessary screening examination and UCG is useful in exclusion of heart disease. Radionuclide pulmonary perfusion and ventilation imaging is a traditional routine examination with high diagnostic accuracy. Spiral CT and MRI are excellent methods in diagnosis, treatment-directing and treatment effect-evaluating. However, the pulmonary angiography should be used if the diagnosis can not be confirmed with above mentioned noninvasive examinations.
Pulmonary embolism has high incidence and mortality if treated improperly, but it was mistakenly diagnosed easily. So rapid and right diagnosis is crucial in successful treatment and gaining good prognosis. X-ray film is the necessary screening examination and UCG is useful in exclusion of heart disease. Radionuclide pulmonary perfusion and ventilation imaging is a traditional routine examination with high diagnostic accuracy. Spiral CT and MRI are excellent methods in diagnosis, treatment-directing and treatment effect-evaluating. However, the pulmonary angiography should be used if the diagnosis can not be confirmed with above mentioned noninvasive examinations.
2003, 27(3): 105-106110.
Abstract:
The assessment of myocardial viability is of particular importance in determining the appropriate managements and making accurate prognoses in coronary artery disease patients. The new algorithms such as 201Tl rest/redistribu-tion and nitroglycerin-augmented rest 99Tcm-sesbamibi and the recently performed gated SPECT, which could make a combined assessment of myocardial perfusion and LV function, have greatly enhanced the use of myocardial perfusion SPECT in the assessment of myocardial viability. The coincidence SPECT, which can perform myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism imaging spontaneously, is nearly as powerful as PET but is less costly in the myocardial viability assessment.
The assessment of myocardial viability is of particular importance in determining the appropriate managements and making accurate prognoses in coronary artery disease patients. The new algorithms such as 201Tl rest/redistribu-tion and nitroglycerin-augmented rest 99Tcm-sesbamibi and the recently performed gated SPECT, which could make a combined assessment of myocardial perfusion and LV function, have greatly enhanced the use of myocardial perfusion SPECT in the assessment of myocardial viability. The coincidence SPECT, which can perform myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism imaging spontaneously, is nearly as powerful as PET but is less costly in the myocardial viability assessment.
2003, 27(3): 107-110.
Abstract:
Radionuclide imaging of infection and inflammation is a powerful diagnostic tool in the management of patients with infectious or inflammatory disease. Because of the excellent performance, radiolabeled leukocytes have become a gold standard nuclear medicine technique to image infection and inflammation. However, the preparation of this radiopharmaceutical is laborious and requires the handling of potentially contaminated blood. A few other methods are available that could be used instead of radiolabeled leukocytes imaging. In this article, the characteristics and diagnostic potential of established and experimental scintigraphic methods of infection and inflammation are reviewed.
Radionuclide imaging of infection and inflammation is a powerful diagnostic tool in the management of patients with infectious or inflammatory disease. Because of the excellent performance, radiolabeled leukocytes have become a gold standard nuclear medicine technique to image infection and inflammation. However, the preparation of this radiopharmaceutical is laborious and requires the handling of potentially contaminated blood. A few other methods are available that could be used instead of radiolabeled leukocytes imaging. In this article, the characteristics and diagnostic potential of established and experimental scintigraphic methods of infection and inflammation are reviewed.
2003, 27(3): 111-114.
Abstract:
18F-FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) PET imaging depends on different uptake of 18F-FDG in different tissues.The uptake of 18F-FDG in tumor tissue correlates with tumor's biologic behavours, such as metabolism, proliferating, pathologic stage, differentiation, the proliferating acitivity of cells and double times. With more knowlegement of the mechanisms of 18F-FDG uptake, weU know more about tumour's biologic behavours.
18F-FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) PET imaging depends on different uptake of 18F-FDG in different tissues.The uptake of 18F-FDG in tumor tissue correlates with tumor's biologic behavours, such as metabolism, proliferating, pathologic stage, differentiation, the proliferating acitivity of cells and double times. With more knowlegement of the mechanisms of 18F-FDG uptake, weU know more about tumour's biologic behavours.
2003, 27(3): 115-117.
Abstract:
The 125I is available for brachytherapy with its special biological and physical characters. At present, 125I-brachytherapy seeds have been widely used for interstitial implants in several tumor species abroad, especially the prostate eancer. But there are also some problems to be resolved in the treatment.
The 125I is available for brachytherapy with its special biological and physical characters. At present, 125I-brachytherapy seeds have been widely used for interstitial implants in several tumor species abroad, especially the prostate eancer. But there are also some problems to be resolved in the treatment.
2003, 27(3): 118-122.
Abstract:
This paper is concerning on the NEMA Standard Publication NU 1-2001 of Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras. Two sections, the system alignment of section 2.5 and the detector-detector sensitivity variation of section 3.10, are newly added, and the system planar sensitivity and penetration of section 3.8 and detector shielding of section 3.9 have been modified, which comparing to the last edition of the NEMA Standard Publication NU-1 1994.
This paper is concerning on the NEMA Standard Publication NU 1-2001 of Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras. Two sections, the system alignment of section 2.5 and the detector-detector sensitivity variation of section 3.10, are newly added, and the system planar sensitivity and penetration of section 3.8 and detector shielding of section 3.9 have been modified, which comparing to the last edition of the NEMA Standard Publication NU-1 1994.
2003, 27(3): 123-127.
Abstract:
This paper presents the recent advance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation sickness (ARS):1. The starting time of vomiting, more related to the dose rate is emphisized in early triage. 2. The clinical grading corresponding to the damage to the neurovascular sytem(N1-4), haematopoietic system(H1-4), cutaneous sytem (C1-4)and gastrointesinal system(G1-4)and its integraton of grading code (RC1-4), suggested by European Commission scholars has new idea and also useful for the prognosis and mangement of ARS. 3. IAEA/WHO "How to recognizeaccidental radiation injury and make preliminary response" is useful for the recognition and correct mangement of hazard from orphan radioactive source. 4. The radiation biodosimetry with significance for triage. 5. Further apprehension in the external protracted irradiation induced ARS, SARS and CRS. 6. Supportive therapy including anti-emetic, analgestic, brain edema therapy, adapted nutrition, antibiotic treatment in case of infection, and substitution therapy(thyombocyte concentratrates and erythrocyte concentrates). 7. Conservative skin treatment and surgery. 8. Haematopoeitic growth factor (HGF) therapy (stimulation). 9. Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT):indications and contra-indications.10. Recent advance in the experimental dog model and clinical experience denotes that non-ablative PBSCT may be the best choice in accidental most severe ARS.
This paper presents the recent advance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation sickness (ARS):1. The starting time of vomiting, more related to the dose rate is emphisized in early triage. 2. The clinical grading corresponding to the damage to the neurovascular sytem(N1-4), haematopoietic system(H1-4), cutaneous sytem (C1-4)and gastrointesinal system(G1-4)and its integraton of grading code (RC1-4), suggested by European Commission scholars has new idea and also useful for the prognosis and mangement of ARS. 3. IAEA/WHO "How to recognizeaccidental radiation injury and make preliminary response" is useful for the recognition and correct mangement of hazard from orphan radioactive source. 4. The radiation biodosimetry with significance for triage. 5. Further apprehension in the external protracted irradiation induced ARS, SARS and CRS. 6. Supportive therapy including anti-emetic, analgestic, brain edema therapy, adapted nutrition, antibiotic treatment in case of infection, and substitution therapy(thyombocyte concentratrates and erythrocyte concentrates). 7. Conservative skin treatment and surgery. 8. Haematopoeitic growth factor (HGF) therapy (stimulation). 9. Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT):indications and contra-indications.10. Recent advance in the experimental dog model and clinical experience denotes that non-ablative PBSCT may be the best choice in accidental most severe ARS.
2003, 27(3): 128-131.
Abstract:
The physico-chemical characters of depleted uranium (DU) and their aerosol, the DU mass intaked by army-men in the battlefield, and the radiation dose and potential risk of servicemen induced b[DU intake were assessed, which was addressed to the application of DU weapons in the war. The results of epidemic studies for groups exposed by DU were briefly introduced and the environmental effect from application of DU ammunition was discussed, too. Finally, the items that should be strengthened to study in future were suggested.
The physico-chemical characters of depleted uranium (DU) and their aerosol, the DU mass intaked by army-men in the battlefield, and the radiation dose and potential risk of servicemen induced b[DU intake were assessed, which was addressed to the application of DU weapons in the war. The results of epidemic studies for groups exposed by DU were briefly introduced and the environmental effect from application of DU ammunition was discussed, too. Finally, the items that should be strengthened to study in future were suggested.
2003, 27(3): 132-134.
Abstract:
CD40L/CD40 interaction is central to the control of thymus-dependent humoral immunity and cell mediated immune responses. IL-17 has been shown to induce the production of IL-6 and G-CSF, which can induce proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. IL-10 can interfere with up-regulation of costimualtory molecules, thus suppressing the production of costimulatory cytokines, such as IL-12. IL-10 has been implicated as an essential mediator in the induction of systemic immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Treating UV-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 blocks the induction of immune suppression.
CD40L/CD40 interaction is central to the control of thymus-dependent humoral immunity and cell mediated immune responses. IL-17 has been shown to induce the production of IL-6 and G-CSF, which can induce proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. IL-10 can interfere with up-regulation of costimualtory molecules, thus suppressing the production of costimulatory cytokines, such as IL-12. IL-10 has been implicated as an essential mediator in the induction of systemic immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Treating UV-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 blocks the induction of immune suppression.
2003, 27(3): 135-137.
Abstract:
WR-2721 (amifostine)is a broad-spectrum cytoprotector. Its active metabolite-WR1065 can protect normal cell, reduce the toxicities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and improve hematoiogic cell. As a result, the patients may tolerate the high dose of chemo-radiotherapy. WR-2721 may be a new way on the therapies of the high-advanced and the multidrug resistant tumor.
WR-2721 (amifostine)is a broad-spectrum cytoprotector. Its active metabolite-WR1065 can protect normal cell, reduce the toxicities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and improve hematoiogic cell. As a result, the patients may tolerate the high dose of chemo-radiotherapy. WR-2721 may be a new way on the therapies of the high-advanced and the multidrug resistant tumor.
2003, 27(3): 138-140.
Abstract:
Radiotherapy is an important contributor to curative treatment of esophageal carcinoma. With the development and improvement of science and technology, people have paid more attention to the radiation damage of normal tissue while caring about all malignant cells killed. From the point of view of radiation protection, this paper aims to show that advanced technologies including heavy iron beams、three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and imaging guided radiotherapy have contributed directly and indirectly to development of protection in esophageal carcinoma.
Radiotherapy is an important contributor to curative treatment of esophageal carcinoma. With the development and improvement of science and technology, people have paid more attention to the radiation damage of normal tissue while caring about all malignant cells killed. From the point of view of radiation protection, this paper aims to show that advanced technologies including heavy iron beams、three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and imaging guided radiotherapy have contributed directly and indirectly to development of protection in esophageal carcinoma.
2003, 27(3): 141-143.
Abstract:
Telomerase is closely associated with tumors. Clearer clues and useful data obtained from recent experimental studies on telomerase make it possible that telomerase may be used as a marker of tumor diagnosis, telomerase inhibitors applied as antitumor drugs, and telomerase considered as an important factor in radiotherapy.
Telomerase is closely associated with tumors. Clearer clues and useful data obtained from recent experimental studies on telomerase make it possible that telomerase may be used as a marker of tumor diagnosis, telomerase inhibitors applied as antitumor drugs, and telomerase considered as an important factor in radiotherapy.
2003, 27(3): 144-145.
Abstract:
In this paper the effects of permitted dose of ionizing radiation on human body are reported. According to the change in radiation workers after occupational exposure, the permissible limits as defined by the ICRP are disagreed by some authors. But other scientists have the point of opposite view.
In this paper the effects of permitted dose of ionizing radiation on human body are reported. According to the change in radiation workers after occupational exposure, the permissible limits as defined by the ICRP are disagreed by some authors. But other scientists have the point of opposite view.
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