2003 Vol. 27, No. 2
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2003, 27(2): 49-52.
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Abstract:
18F-FDG PET has been widely studied and applied in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in oncology. Although relatively fewer reports about 18F-FDG PET in skeletal and soft tissue tumors have been seen, in recent years a lot of studies have been published which covered over malignancy discrimination, grading, therapeutic monitoring and evaluation, and metastasis detection of skeletal and soft tissue tumors with 18F-FDG PET.
18F-FDG PET has been widely studied and applied in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in oncology. Although relatively fewer reports about 18F-FDG PET in skeletal and soft tissue tumors have been seen, in recent years a lot of studies have been published which covered over malignancy discrimination, grading, therapeutic monitoring and evaluation, and metastasis detection of skeletal and soft tissue tumors with 18F-FDG PET.
2003, 27(2): 53-55.
Abstract:
PET is the best method in the investigation of molecular pathology at present. In this review, the value of positron emission computed tomography for providing insight into the role of pathology mechanism, early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, mechanisms of motor fluctuations in Parkinson disease is reviewed. Especially it can be used for the early diagnosis of PD, thus being benefitial to the therapy of it.
PET is the best method in the investigation of molecular pathology at present. In this review, the value of positron emission computed tomography for providing insight into the role of pathology mechanism, early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, mechanisms of motor fluctuations in Parkinson disease is reviewed. Especially it can be used for the early diagnosis of PD, thus being benefitial to the therapy of it.
2003, 27(2): 56-58,65.
Abstract:
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake in the thyroid gland and several extrathyroidal tissues. In addition to thyroid tissues, the expression of NIS is found in stomach, prostate, placenta and so on. Radioiodine-concentrating activity in thyroid tissues has allowed the use of radioiodine as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for patients with thyroid disorders. However, some extrathyroid tissues also take up radioiodine, contributing to unwanted side effects of radioiodine therapy. Now that the molecule of NIS has been cloned and characterized, it may be possible to develop novel strategies to differentially modulate NIS expression and activity, enhancing it in target tissues and impeding it in others. It is also important to explore the use of NIS as an imaging reporter gene to monitor the expression profile of the transgene in transgenic mouse animal models and in patients undergoing gene therapy clinical trials.
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake in the thyroid gland and several extrathyroidal tissues. In addition to thyroid tissues, the expression of NIS is found in stomach, prostate, placenta and so on. Radioiodine-concentrating activity in thyroid tissues has allowed the use of radioiodine as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for patients with thyroid disorders. However, some extrathyroid tissues also take up radioiodine, contributing to unwanted side effects of radioiodine therapy. Now that the molecule of NIS has been cloned and characterized, it may be possible to develop novel strategies to differentially modulate NIS expression and activity, enhancing it in target tissues and impeding it in others. It is also important to explore the use of NIS as an imaging reporter gene to monitor the expression profile of the transgene in transgenic mouse animal models and in patients undergoing gene therapy clinical trials.
2003, 27(2): 59-62.
Abstract:
General irradiation and local radionuclide therapy can be used in arthritis. Because of its great adverse effect, general irradiation is now less used. The mechanism, indication and method of the radiation synovectomy are reviewed. The clinical application and effects of various radionuclides and the method to reduce the adverse effect of the radiation synovectomy are also discussed.
General irradiation and local radionuclide therapy can be used in arthritis. Because of its great adverse effect, general irradiation is now less used. The mechanism, indication and method of the radiation synovectomy are reviewed. The clinical application and effects of various radionuclides and the method to reduce the adverse effect of the radiation synovectomy are also discussed.
2003, 27(2): 62-65.
Abstract:
Intraluminal Brachytherapy(ILBT) is one method of radiotherapy by delivering the radiation resource into the Intralumen of esophagus. ILBT has been proposed as the effective method in the treatment for superficial cancer of the esophagus. More frequently, it has been utilized as a boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in inoperable patients with localized esophageal carcinoma. ILBT with EBRT may improve local control and survival. The effect were found to be strongly correlated with tumor less than 5 cm in length or tumor confined to esophageal wall. The patients may tolerate in acute effects, and late complications may be controlled with lower single dose and reasonable total dose.
Intraluminal Brachytherapy(ILBT) is one method of radiotherapy by delivering the radiation resource into the Intralumen of esophagus. ILBT has been proposed as the effective method in the treatment for superficial cancer of the esophagus. More frequently, it has been utilized as a boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in inoperable patients with localized esophageal carcinoma. ILBT with EBRT may improve local control and survival. The effect were found to be strongly correlated with tumor less than 5 cm in length or tumor confined to esophageal wall. The patients may tolerate in acute effects, and late complications may be controlled with lower single dose and reasonable total dose.
2003, 27(2): 66-69.
Abstract:
Many factors such iodine-131 uptake, effective half-life, thyroid volume, and antithyroid drugs affect the iodine-131 dose for every hyperthyroid patient. The outcome of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism is decided by gDI of these factors.
Many factors such iodine-131 uptake, effective half-life, thyroid volume, and antithyroid drugs affect the iodine-131 dose for every hyperthyroid patient. The outcome of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism is decided by gDI of these factors.
2003, 27(2): 70-71,74.
Abstract:
The general situation of the 8th World Federation of Nulear Medicine and Biology Meeting is descriged here. The main contents involve recently investigated achievements relating closely to the basic or experimental and clinical nuclear medicine, and new development of novel radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear instruments.
The general situation of the 8th World Federation of Nulear Medicine and Biology Meeting is descriged here. The main contents involve recently investigated achievements relating closely to the basic or experimental and clinical nuclear medicine, and new development of novel radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear instruments.
2003, 27(2): 72-74.
Abstract:
This paper outlines general information on the 2nd annual general meeting of ARCCNM (Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine). The international symposium exchanged new development recently on basic and clinical nuclear medicine. Asian school of nuclear medicine is an educational enterprise of ARCCNM, and the objective is to organize and coordinate academic and training programs in nuclear medicine. It will promote nuclear medicine in Asia region through enhancing regional scientific activities and research collaboration.
This paper outlines general information on the 2nd annual general meeting of ARCCNM (Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine). The international symposium exchanged new development recently on basic and clinical nuclear medicine. Asian school of nuclear medicine is an educational enterprise of ARCCNM, and the objective is to organize and coordinate academic and training programs in nuclear medicine. It will promote nuclear medicine in Asia region through enhancing regional scientific activities and research collaboration.
2003, 27(2): 75-77.
Abstract:
Radiation pulmonary fibrosis(RPF) is a frequent side effect of thoracic radiotherapy for breast neoplasm and total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation. Studies on its pathogenesis have arrived at molecular level. Many cytokines, adhesion molecules and vasoactive substances all play important role in the course of RPF. Moreover, there exists genetic loci that has relation with RPF. Furthermore, studies on the molecular pathogenesis of RPF have pro? vided new ideas and new measures for the precaution and therapy of RPF.
Radiation pulmonary fibrosis(RPF) is a frequent side effect of thoracic radiotherapy for breast neoplasm and total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation. Studies on its pathogenesis have arrived at molecular level. Many cytokines, adhesion molecules and vasoactive substances all play important role in the course of RPF. Moreover, there exists genetic loci that has relation with RPF. Furthermore, studies on the molecular pathogenesis of RPF have pro? vided new ideas and new measures for the precaution and therapy of RPF.
2003, 27(2): 77-79,83.
Abstract:
Ionizing radiation can change the activity and/or the expression of mRNA, protein of Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1, 1A1, 4A11, 2E1), consequently influence the biotransformation and biological effects of the drugs and toxi-coid metabolization. Cytochrome P-450 participated in the reduction of bioreductive drugs (including TMQ-AQ4N). Animal experiments and clinical trials show Cytochrome P-450 can be taken advantage to exert well sensitization for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Ionizing radiation can change the activity and/or the expression of mRNA, protein of Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1, 1A1, 4A11, 2E1), consequently influence the biotransformation and biological effects of the drugs and toxi-coid metabolization. Cytochrome P-450 participated in the reduction of bioreductive drugs (including TMQ-AQ4N). Animal experiments and clinical trials show Cytochrome P-450 can be taken advantage to exert well sensitization for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
2003, 27(2): 80-83.
Abstract:
It may result in acute radiation syndrome after body is exposed to ionizing radiation. The one of long-term effects of irradiation injury is leukemia. The bone marrow cells (BMC) transplantation including stem cells is the only effective therapy for acute radiation syndrome patients. Recently, with the advancement of stem cell research that the stem cells have multipotential and can convert each other, it may supply the new stem source for the irradiation injury patients. At the same time with the further research of radioprotective reagents, the hematopoietic stem cells proliferation after irradiation injury is promoted.
It may result in acute radiation syndrome after body is exposed to ionizing radiation. The one of long-term effects of irradiation injury is leukemia. The bone marrow cells (BMC) transplantation including stem cells is the only effective therapy for acute radiation syndrome patients. Recently, with the advancement of stem cell research that the stem cells have multipotential and can convert each other, it may supply the new stem source for the irradiation injury patients. At the same time with the further research of radioprotective reagents, the hematopoietic stem cells proliferation after irradiation injury is promoted.
2003, 27(2): 84-86.
Abstract:
Genomic instability induced by radiation is characterized by the increased rate of acquisition of genetic alterations in the progenies of irradiated cell. These changes encompass a diverse set of biological end points, such as kary-otypic abnormolities, gene mutation and amplification, and delayed reproductive cell death etc. Damages of some key genes play important roles in the initiation and transition of genomic instability. Epigenetic factors may influence the onset of genomic instability. Loss of stability of the genome is one of the important aspects of radiation carcinogenesis.
Genomic instability induced by radiation is characterized by the increased rate of acquisition of genetic alterations in the progenies of irradiated cell. These changes encompass a diverse set of biological end points, such as kary-otypic abnormolities, gene mutation and amplification, and delayed reproductive cell death etc. Damages of some key genes play important roles in the initiation and transition of genomic instability. Epigenetic factors may influence the onset of genomic instability. Loss of stability of the genome is one of the important aspects of radiation carcinogenesis.
2003, 27(2): 87-89.
Abstract:
Irradiation can induce genomic instability and produce a series of delayed mutations. As a free-error repair mechanism of post-duplication, mismatch repair plays an essential role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Mismatch is proposed a kind of conservative repair mechanism. Not only can it be involved in the repair process directly by heter-dimers, but it can affect the cell-cycle by cdc2 phophatized path to supervise the cell-cycle indirectly. Therefore, discussing the relation of genomic instability and mismatch repair may represent one of aspects of radiational damage and repair mechanisms
Irradiation can induce genomic instability and produce a series of delayed mutations. As a free-error repair mechanism of post-duplication, mismatch repair plays an essential role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Mismatch is proposed a kind of conservative repair mechanism. Not only can it be involved in the repair process directly by heter-dimers, but it can affect the cell-cycle by cdc2 phophatized path to supervise the cell-cycle indirectly. Therefore, discussing the relation of genomic instability and mismatch repair may represent one of aspects of radiational damage and repair mechanisms
2003, 27(2): 90-93.
Abstract:
Mitochondria play a major role in apoptosis triggered by many stimuli. The various death signals induce directly and indirectly (through Bcl-2 family proteins) the increase of mitochondrial membrane permeability, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspases. The mechanisms that lead to this permeability are not yet completely understood. Here, we review briefly the mechanisms of mitochondrial control during apoptosis and the possible effects of ionizing radiation in their mechanisms.
Mitochondria play a major role in apoptosis triggered by many stimuli. The various death signals induce directly and indirectly (through Bcl-2 family proteins) the increase of mitochondrial membrane permeability, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspases. The mechanisms that lead to this permeability are not yet completely understood. Here, we review briefly the mechanisms of mitochondrial control during apoptosis and the possible effects of ionizing radiation in their mechanisms.
2003, 27(2): 94-96.
Abstract:
The individual sensitivity of radiation is determined by specialized gene of people, so the patient with different radiotherapy dose has different results. Coinciding every patient with individual dose can improve the effect of radiotherapy, lower the incidence of hypothyroidism. Using modern molecular biology techniques, we have understood the relationships between several genes' products (Fas/FasL and Bcl-2 et al.) and apoptosis (or rays induced apoptosis), and all these methods and techniques make it possible for us to measure the products in vitro. Maybe in the future we can measure the index during the period of radiotherapy and use the suitable dose.
The individual sensitivity of radiation is determined by specialized gene of people, so the patient with different radiotherapy dose has different results. Coinciding every patient with individual dose can improve the effect of radiotherapy, lower the incidence of hypothyroidism. Using modern molecular biology techniques, we have understood the relationships between several genes' products (Fas/FasL and Bcl-2 et al.) and apoptosis (or rays induced apoptosis), and all these methods and techniques make it possible for us to measure the products in vitro. Maybe in the future we can measure the index during the period of radiotherapy and use the suitable dose.
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