2001 Vol. 25, No. 2
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2001, 25(2): 49-52.
[PDF 187KB]
Abstract:
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein of the basolateral membrane of the thyroid gland follicular cells, mediates the active transport of iodide into thyroid cells. In this review, the main accomplishments of the study of NIS at molecular level were concisely described, including the NIS gene, the secondary structure and electrophysiological character of NIS protein, and their regulation and tissue distribution. The impacts of NIS on thyroid disease and radioactive iodide therapy were also evaluated.
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein of the basolateral membrane of the thyroid gland follicular cells, mediates the active transport of iodide into thyroid cells. In this review, the main accomplishments of the study of NIS at molecular level were concisely described, including the NIS gene, the secondary structure and electrophysiological character of NIS protein, and their regulation and tissue distribution. The impacts of NIS on thyroid disease and radioactive iodide therapy were also evaluated.
2001, 25(2): 53-55.
Abstract:
Hemispatial neglect(HSN) is an important predictor of poor outcome after stroke. It is hypothesized to result from the damage to a network for directed attention which involves the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus and superior colliculus. Neglect is most commonly associated with lesions in the right inferior parietal lobe. The damage of temporal-parietal-occipital junction causes HSN easily in human. The measurement of rCBF of lesions, and further to be oriented and quantified, can make a new view for HSN by use of the sensitive SPECT technique.
Hemispatial neglect(HSN) is an important predictor of poor outcome after stroke. It is hypothesized to result from the damage to a network for directed attention which involves the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus and superior colliculus. Neglect is most commonly associated with lesions in the right inferior parietal lobe. The damage of temporal-parietal-occipital junction causes HSN easily in human. The measurement of rCBF of lesions, and further to be oriented and quantified, can make a new view for HSN by use of the sensitive SPECT technique.
2001, 25(2): 55-59.
Abstract:
Antibody technology has been developed from cellular engineering antibody to genic engineering antibody. It has been developing rapidly with the building of antibody library. The current status of single-chain Fv antibody study was summarized.
Antibody technology has been developed from cellular engineering antibody to genic engineering antibody. It has been developing rapidly with the building of antibody library. The current status of single-chain Fv antibody study was summarized.
2001, 25(2): 60-62.
Abstract:
This review presents an overview of gene transfection methods to genetically induce tumor cells to express enhanced levels of cell surface antigens and receptors to intake radiolabeled antibody and peptide targeting and thus increase their therapeutic effect in radiotherapy. The current research include inducement of radioimmunotherapy through CEA gene transfection, inducement of iodine-131 therapy by sodiumiodide symporter gene transfection and inducement of MIBG therapy by noradrenaline transporter gene transfection. These studies raise the prospect that gene-therapy techniques could be used to enable the treatment of a wide range of tumors with radiopharmaceuticals of established clinical acceptability.
This review presents an overview of gene transfection methods to genetically induce tumor cells to express enhanced levels of cell surface antigens and receptors to intake radiolabeled antibody and peptide targeting and thus increase their therapeutic effect in radiotherapy. The current research include inducement of radioimmunotherapy through CEA gene transfection, inducement of iodine-131 therapy by sodiumiodide symporter gene transfection and inducement of MIBG therapy by noradrenaline transporter gene transfection. These studies raise the prospect that gene-therapy techniques could be used to enable the treatment of a wide range of tumors with radiopharmaceuticals of established clinical acceptability.
2001, 25(2): 62-65.
Abstract:
Antisense imaging is widely used as a novel method to assess gene expression by nucleic acid hybridization with anisense oligonucleotide labelled by radionucide in vivo, with advantages of easy controlling for synthesis, high reliability and low immunogenicity. The requirements for ideal antisense imaging include easy intakeing by cells, convenient labelling, stable hybridization and the tolerance against nuclease. The progression in antisense imaging, such as the transfer of antisense RN A mediated by liposomes or receptor, chemical modification of antisense oligonucleotide and the improvement of labelling, will greatly improve the clinical application of antisense imaging.
Antisense imaging is widely used as a novel method to assess gene expression by nucleic acid hybridization with anisense oligonucleotide labelled by radionucide in vivo, with advantages of easy controlling for synthesis, high reliability and low immunogenicity. The requirements for ideal antisense imaging include easy intakeing by cells, convenient labelling, stable hybridization and the tolerance against nuclease. The progression in antisense imaging, such as the transfer of antisense RN A mediated by liposomes or receptor, chemical modification of antisense oligonucleotide and the improvement of labelling, will greatly improve the clinical application of antisense imaging.
2001, 25(2): 65-69.
Abstract:
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. It can regular the cellular proliferaton and differentiation through its receptors. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than normal tissue. The high expression of VIP receptors provided the basis for the clinical use of radiolabeled VIP for the in vivo localization of the malignant tumors. The imaging has been used for diagnosis,staging, therapy strategy and prognosis of wide range of tumors.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. It can regular the cellular proliferaton and differentiation through its receptors. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than normal tissue. The high expression of VIP receptors provided the basis for the clinical use of radiolabeled VIP for the in vivo localization of the malignant tumors. The imaging has been used for diagnosis,staging, therapy strategy and prognosis of wide range of tumors.
2001, 25(2): 74-77.
Abstract:
NF-κB used to be considered as a surviving factor, conferring vigorous resistance to cells against radiation-induced apoptosis. However, recent research gradually disclosed that combination of different subunits of NF-κB may have different, even opposite effects. Further investigation in more depth would undoubtedly provide theoretical basis for the understanding of the mechanism of the depressive effect of medium to high doses of radiation on immunity and valuable new information for radiotherapy of clinical tumors.
NF-κB used to be considered as a surviving factor, conferring vigorous resistance to cells against radiation-induced apoptosis. However, recent research gradually disclosed that combination of different subunits of NF-κB may have different, even opposite effects. Further investigation in more depth would undoubtedly provide theoretical basis for the understanding of the mechanism of the depressive effect of medium to high doses of radiation on immunity and valuable new information for radiotherapy of clinical tumors.
2001, 25(2): 78-81.
Abstract:
One major challenge facing todays cancer researchers is the development of new approaches for the identification of carcinogens and other environmental hazards. Here, we describe the potential impact of emerging technologies for measuring gene expression profiles on carcinogen identification and on the general field of radiation carcinogenesis. An example of one of these technologies is the use of DNA chips. We provide an overview the mechanism and applications of DNA chip, and the application to study on molecular mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis.
One major challenge facing todays cancer researchers is the development of new approaches for the identification of carcinogens and other environmental hazards. Here, we describe the potential impact of emerging technologies for measuring gene expression profiles on carcinogen identification and on the general field of radiation carcinogenesis. An example of one of these technologies is the use of DNA chips. We provide an overview the mechanism and applications of DNA chip, and the application to study on molecular mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis.
2001, 25(2): 82-86.
Abstract:
The genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is characterized by immunodeficiency, progressive cerebellar ataxia, gonadal abnormalities, radiosensitivity, and cancer predisposition. In this paper, the signal transduction of AT are reviewed, including ATM (AT mutated) gene and clinicalsymptoms, some transoription factors in the signaling pathway induced by ionizing radiation, cell cycle checkpoint defects, durative oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
The genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is characterized by immunodeficiency, progressive cerebellar ataxia, gonadal abnormalities, radiosensitivity, and cancer predisposition. In this paper, the signal transduction of AT are reviewed, including ATM (AT mutated) gene and clinicalsymptoms, some transoription factors in the signaling pathway induced by ionizing radiation, cell cycle checkpoint defects, durative oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
2001, 25(2): 87-90.
Abstract:
Hypoxia in solid tumors is a major problem for radiotherapy, so great interest has been given to the development of radiosensitizers which can enhance tissue response to radiation. Nowadays, research on radiosensitizers includes conventional nitroimidazoles, hypoxic cytotoxins, nitric oxide donor agents, allosteric effectors of haemoglobin, metalloporphyrins and so on. They can either increase oxygen delivery to the tumor or selectively kill the hypoxic cells. Though many compounds of different types have been synthesized, none of them can be used clinically because of the complexity of tumor microenviroment.
Hypoxia in solid tumors is a major problem for radiotherapy, so great interest has been given to the development of radiosensitizers which can enhance tissue response to radiation. Nowadays, research on radiosensitizers includes conventional nitroimidazoles, hypoxic cytotoxins, nitric oxide donor agents, allosteric effectors of haemoglobin, metalloporphyrins and so on. They can either increase oxygen delivery to the tumor or selectively kill the hypoxic cells. Though many compounds of different types have been synthesized, none of them can be used clinically because of the complexity of tumor microenviroment.
2001, 25(2): 90-92.
Abstract:
Small doses of ionizing radiation reduced the neoplastic transformation, the tumor development and growth, and obtained therapeutic efficacy on clinical trial in lyphosarcoma patients. Its mechanism is currently unclear. It can be related to enhanced ability of antioxidation in organism, reduced chromosomal damage and increased eliminating damaged cells. Partial tumors destroyed by small doses of ionizing radiation very discovered for leukemia and polycythemia were treated to open a novel approach.
Small doses of ionizing radiation reduced the neoplastic transformation, the tumor development and growth, and obtained therapeutic efficacy on clinical trial in lyphosarcoma patients. Its mechanism is currently unclear. It can be related to enhanced ability of antioxidation in organism, reduced chromosomal damage and increased eliminating damaged cells. Partial tumors destroyed by small doses of ionizing radiation very discovered for leukemia and polycythemia were treated to open a novel approach.
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