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甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,占恶性肿瘤的1.1%。近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势[1-2]。甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)是分化型甲状腺癌最常见的一种类型,容易复发,区域淋巴结的转移率较高。Lundgren等[3]认为TNM分期,包括远处转移和淋巴结转移是影响PTC患者预后的重要因素。目前,对于有肉眼可见的淋巴结转移患者,建议行区域淋巴结清扫术,但对于临床淋巴结阴性(clinical N0,cN0)期的患者是否行预防性中央区和(或)侧颈区淋巴结清扫仍存在争议[4]。
前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)是区域淋巴组织引流原发恶性肿瘤的第一站淋巴结(一枚或数枚),其在淋巴直接引流通路上,并且最靠近原发灶,有可能最先受到原发肿瘤的侵袭,但并不一定是已经发生肿瘤转移的淋巴结。检测SLN能预测原发肿瘤次级淋巴结的状态,有利于早期发现颈部隐匿性的淋巴结转移,以避免不必要的淋巴结清扫对甲状旁腺和喉返神经造成永久性伤害[5]。SLN的检测是评估PTC患者淋巴结转移的一种微创技术。
目前,应用放射性示踪技术检测cN0期PTC患者SLN尚未广泛应用于临床,国际上暂无明确标准。本研究前瞻性地利用SPECT/CT对16例cN0期PTC患者的SLN进行探测,以评估放射性示踪技术对cN0期PTC患者SLN定位的价值。
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