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人工智能最初在1956年由美国科学家在达特莫斯学会会议上提出,其聚焦于利用机器模拟人的部分思维活动的研究。近年来,人工智能在医疗保健领域取得了众多研究成果,在肿瘤诊断中的应用也得到了蓬勃发展。癌症作为一种自我维持和适应的过程,与其所处的微环境动态相互作用,因此其诊断与治疗极为复杂[1]。现阶段,癌症的诊断多依赖于高分辨率医学成像仪器和病理仪器设备等,由医师对结果加以判断,无法反映成像数据的分布。人工智能则可以对数以万计的图像组成的数据集进行学习及推理,可有效地解决这一问题,使肿瘤诊断从主观感知转向客观科学;另外,人工智能不存在由视觉疲劳、经验不足等主观因素造成的漏诊与误诊。随着人们对自身健康关注度的提升,每天都会并行产生大量与肿瘤相关的医疗数据,人工智能可以对海量的与肿瘤相关的数据进行汇总分析,协助医师高效地开展工作。本文主要从以下几个方面阐述目前人工智能用于肿瘤诊断的新进展。
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