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在世界范围内,乳腺癌已成为危害女性健康的主要原因之一[1]。据统计,我国每年女性乳腺癌发病16.9万,是女性第二位最常见的恶性肿瘤; 病死于乳腺癌者约4.5万,是女性第六位最常见的恶性肿瘤死亡原因[2]。因此,对乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗以及合理评估是必需的。影像学手段如乳腺X线钼靶、超声、MRI、PET/CT在形态学以及功能、代谢方面对乳腺癌的筛查、辅助诊断和疗效评价等不同阶段起着重要作用。
其中,PET是以代谢显像和定量分析为基础,应用组成人体的主要元素如11C、13N、15O、18F等正电子核素为示踪剂,不仅可快速获得多层面断层影像、定量及半定量结果以及三维全身扫描图像,而且还可以从分子水平动态观察到代谢物或药物在人体内的生理生化变化,在分子水平上早于形态学发生改变之前就可以作出诊断,PET/CT结合了CT在解剖学上对病灶的准确定位,为疾病的诊断和评估提供了更为详尽的信息。
PET/CT作为分子代谢显像,对肿瘤的分期以及准确的病情进展评估有重要价值。在临床应用方面,PET/CT不仅在乳腺病变的良恶性鉴别、肿瘤分期方面起着重要作用,而且近期临床应用已逐渐延伸到乳腺癌药物治疗的筛选、疗效评价(包括新辅助治疗)以及预后判断等方面。
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