-
单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb)在疾病的预防、诊断及治疗方面显示出重要的作用。1975年,K?觟hler和Milstein[1]共同创立了杂交瘤技术,首次获得了人工制备的McAb,然而,由该方法制备的McAb存在以下缺陷: ①由于其为鼠源性,被人免疫系统识别后可产生人抗鼠抗体(human anti-mouse antibody,HAMA); ②鼠源性McAb不能有效激活人补体和Fc受体相关的效应系统,且在体内的半衰期较短[2]。为了克服上述缺陷,利用基因工程技术对鼠源性McAb进行了不同程度的人源化,产生了各种人源化抗体。
McAb的人源化研究主要经历了3个发展阶段:将鼠源性McAb的可变区和人抗体的恒定区组装合成人-鼠嵌合抗体(human-mouse chimeric antibody); 仅保留鼠源性McAb可变区中与抗原结合的互补决定区(complementarity-determining region,CDR),制备CDR移植抗体(grafted antibody)或改型抗体(reshaped antibody); 利用抗体库及转基因技术制备全人源抗体(fully human antibody)[3]。
HTML
[1] | Köhler G, Milstein C. Continuous culture of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity[J]. Nature, 1975, 256(5517): 495-497. |
[2] | Demarest SJ, Glaser SM. Antibody therapeutics, antibody engineering, and the merits of protein stability[J]. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel, 2008, 11(5): 675-687. |
[3] | Schneider CK. Monoclonal antibodies—regulatory challenges[J]. Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2008, 9(6): 431-438. |
[4] | Boulianne GL, Hozumi N, Shulman MJ. Production of functional chimaeric mouse/human antibody[J]. Nature, 1984, 312(5995): 643-646. |
[5] | Siddiqui MZ. Monoclonal antibodies as diagnostics: an appraisal[J]. Indian J Pharm Sci, 2010, 72(1): 12-17. |
[6] | Nakano K, Ishiguro T, Konishi H. Generation of a humanized anti-glypican 3 antibody by CDR grafting and stability optimization[J]. Anticancer Drugs, 2010, 21(10): 907-916. |
[7] | 孙梦梅, 靳彦文, 李平. 新型抗uPAR人源化抗体的表达和活性检测[J]. 军事医学, 2011, 35(4): 258-261. |
[8] | 孙思凡, 张部昌, 靳彦文. 治疗性单克隆抗体研究进展[J]. 生物技术通讯, 2009, 20(2): 258-262. |
[9] | Harding FA, Stickler MM, Razo J. The immunogenicity of humanized and fully human antibodies: residual immunogenicity resides in the CDR regions[J]. MAbs, 2010, 2(3): 256-265. |
[10] | Kashmiri SV, De Pascalis R, Gonzales NR. SDR grafting—a new approach to antibody humanization[J]. Methods, 2005, 36(1): 25-34. |
[11] | Sehlin D, Hedlund M, Lord A. Heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions determine conformation selectivity of anti-αβ antibodies[J]. Neurodegener Dis, 2011, 8(3): 117-123. |
[12] | Kim KS, Kim HJ, Han BW. Construction of a humanized antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen by specificity-determining residues(SDR)-grafting and de-immunization[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2010, 396(2): 231-237. |
[13] | 杜春红, 宋志忠, 于国林. 单克隆抗体大量生产技术及研究进展[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2010, 31(3): 248-249. |
[14] | Schirrmann T, Hust M. Construction of human antibody gene libraries and selection of antibodies by phage display[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2010, 651(2): 177-209. |
[15] | 夏红利, 谭晨, 陈德杰. 从scFv噬菌体库分离特异性的人源化抗D-dimer抗体[J]. 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志, 2011, 31(2): 168-172. |
[16] | 胡占东, 公倩, 朱铁虹. 人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗IL-4抗体的初步筛选[J]. 天津医药, 2011, 39(6): 493-495. |
[17] | Smith GP. Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface[J]. Science, 1985, 228(4705): 1315-1317. |
[18] | Huse WD, Sastry L, Iverson SA. Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda[J]. Science, 1989, 246(4935): 1275-1281. |
[19] | Vitaliti A, Wittmer M, Steiner R. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by a single-chain antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth-factor[J]. Cancer Res, 2000, 60(16): 4311-4314. |
[20] | 何小鹃, 李官成, 朱建高. 鼻咽癌人源抗独特型单链抗体的制备及筛选[J]. 癌症, 2004, 23(2): 124-129. |
[21] | 朱建高, 李官成, 李跃辉. 全人源化抗结肠癌单链抗体基因的克隆和表达[J]. 生物工程学报, 2001, 17(5): 526-530. |
[22] | Knappik A, Ge L, Honegger A. Fully synthetic human combinatorial antibody libraries(HuCAL)based on modular consensus frameworks and CDRs randomized with trinucleotides[J]. J Mol Biol, 2000, 296(1): 57-86. |
[23] | Lamla T, Erdmann VA. Searching sequence space for high-affinity binding peptides using ribosome display[J]. J Mol Biol, 2003, 329(2): 381-388. |
[24] | Tomizuka K, Shinohara T, Yoshida H. Double trans-chromosomic mice: maintenance of two individual human chromosome fragments containing Ig heavy and kappa loci and expression of fully human antibodies[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000, 97(2): 722-727. |
[25] | 潘阳, 王露楠. 单克隆抗体人源化技术研究进展[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2011, 32(13): 1483-1484. |
[26] | Cortez-Retamozo V, Backmann N, Senter PD. Efficient cancer therapy with a nanobody-based conjugate[J]. Cancer Res, 2004, 64(8): 2853-2857. |
[27] | Nakajima T, Mitsunaga M, Bander NH. Targeted, activatable, in vivo fluorescence imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positive tumors using the quenched humanized J591 antibody-indocyanine green(ICG) conjugate[J]. Bioconjug Chem, 2011, 22(8): 1700-1705. |
[28] | Osborne JR, Akhtar NH, Vallabhajosula S. Prostate-specific membrane antigen-based imaging[J]. Urol Oncol, 2013, 31(2): 144-154. |