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下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)是血管外科常见病及多发病,其特点为发病隐匿、早期缺乏典型的临床症状,容易漏诊误诊,一旦血栓脱落可能会引起肺栓塞,病死率高达9%~50%,绝大多数死亡病例是在几分钟至几小时内死亡。引起DVT的三大因素有血流缓慢、静脉壁损伤和高凝状态,我国DVT的发病率近年来有逐年上升的趋势,发生肺栓塞的人数也在增加[1-3]。传统影像学无法对DVT进行早期诊断,也难以准确判断血栓的形成时期[2, 4]。分子影像学技术是建立在细胞和分子水平上研究机体生命活动的新技术[5],同时也为DVT的诊断开辟了新的途径。DVT相关靶点及示踪剂的发现在早期诊断DVT以及判断血栓形成时间方面表现出明显优势,提升了影像学的诊断能力[6]。本文从DVT新靶点和新示踪剂研究的角度对DVT诊断的分子影像学进展进行介绍。
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