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噬菌体展示技术是一项将外源的重组肽、蛋白质包括抗体片段融合到噬菌体颗粒衣壳蛋白上, 用于筛选功能性多肽或蛋白片段的生物技术。Smith将外源基因插入丝状噬菌体f1的P3基因, 获得的重组噬菌体可在体外稳定增生, 使目的基因编码的多肽以融合蛋白的形式展示在噬菌体表面, 从而创立了噬菌体展示技术[1]。此方法可在受体分子尚不清楚的情况下, 利用多肽片段特异性与噬菌体表面蛋白结合的特点, 寻找特异性结合的靶标分子, 确定其结合部位和结构域[2-3]。噬菌体展示技术能大大缩短研究周期, 而且筛选过程可以与治疗在相同条件下进行, 避免了体外筛选得到的多肽片段在体内实验无效或活性低的缺点, 保证了筛选到的短肽的靶向特异性。
利用噬菌体展示技术筛选的多肽和抗体由于分子小、穿透力强、亲和力和特异性高等特点, 适用于肿瘤三维成像和分子影像学诊断, 可以用于肿瘤的免疫放射治疗及其定位诊断、疗效评价和制定后续治疗方案。
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