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目前的影像模式可以分为两大类: 一是提供结构信息的, 如MRI、CT及超声检查等; 二是提供功能及分子信息的, 如PET、SPECT、磁共振波谱成像及光学成像等。由于目前还没有单纯一种影像模式能够同时提供全部的解剖及功能信息, 因此, 人们希望通过融合不同影像模式的方式来同时获取解剖及功能图像。PET-CT和SPECT-CT已经成功应用于临床, 最近又出现了PET-MRI系统[1-2], 其他一些设备也在研制中。在许多情况下, 这些影像模式需要使用显像剂或对比剂来产生或放大影像对比, 例如, 放射性核素用于PET或SPECT、顺磁性物质用于MRI增强、高密度分子用于CT增强、微泡用于超声增强或荧光素用于光学成像等。这些显像剂或对比剂的运用大大提高了影像诊断的能力。近年来, 人们在多模式影像探针的研究领域已经取得了巨大进展。与使用两种不同生物学分布的探针进行显像然后再进行复杂数据融合不同, 双功能探针在一个分子中融合了能同时用于两种不同影像模式的结构。本文讨论了双模式分子影像探针的研究进展及其应用。
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