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电离辐射(ionizing radiation,IR)通过直接或间接方式对DNA造成损伤,其可能导致基因突变、染色体畸变、细胞癌变等不利的生物学效应,因此DNA损伤及其修复机制一直是放射生物学领域研究的重点问题。蛋白质翻译后修饰(post-translational modification,PTM)是蛋白质被翻译出来后所经历的一个共价加工过程,即通过在氨基酸侧链上共价结合化学小分子基团或其他多肽,或通过蛋白质水解剪去基团从而使蛋白质的性质发生改变。泛素化修饰和小泛素样修饰物(small ubiquitin-like modifier,SUMO)化修饰作为PTM的2种类型,在IR诱导的DNA损伤修复中发挥着重要作用[1]。本文对泛素化修饰和SUMO化修饰在DNA损伤修复中的作用进行综述,为深入了解IR诱导的DNA损伤修复机制提供参考。
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