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前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)的全球发病率约为4.0%,位居全球男性恶性肿瘤的第二位,其侵袭性位居第五位[1]。随着人口老龄化进程的加快,PCa的发病率和病死率也在逐年上升。因此,早期检测、诊断PCa及评估其复发、转移尤为重要。多参数MRI(multiparametric MRI,mpMRI)是评估PCa的常用影像学方法,其在常规T1加权成像(T1-weighted imaging,T1WI)、T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)序列的基础上结合扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)、动态对比增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, DCE-MRI)和(或)MRI波谱等功能成像序列来反应前列腺组织的功能、生化代谢等方面的改变[2]。笔者主要就mpMRI的主要序列、评分的新规范及其在PCa中的应用展开综述。
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