Abstract: NF-κB used to be considered as a surviving factor, conferring vigorous resistance to cells against radiation-induced apoptosis. However, recent research gradually disclosed that combination of different subunits of NF-κB may have different, even opposite effects. Further investigation in more depth would undoubtedly provide theoretical basis for the understanding of the mechanism of the depressive effect of medium to high doses of radiation on immunity and valuable new information for radiotherapy of clinical tumors.