遭受贫铀武器袭击后的毒理学问题

朱茂祥

遭受贫铀武器袭击后的毒理学问题

朱茂祥

文章导航 > 国际放射医学核医学杂志 > 2000, 24 > 6: (272-275)

引用本文:

Citation:

遭受贫铀武器袭击后的毒理学问题

朱茂祥

100850 北京, 军事医学科学院放射医学研究所

作者简介: 朱茂祥(1966-),男,湖南常德人,军事医学院放射医学研究所副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事放射毒理与辐射医学防护研究。;

中图分类号: TJ91;R818

Toxicological issues after depleted uranium weapons attacked

ZHU Maoxaing

Institue of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medicine Science, Beijing, China
CLC number: TJ91;R818

摘要: 贫铀(DU)是供生产核反应堆或核武器用铀的废料,具有密度高、强度大、穿透力强等特性,军事上用于各种武器弹头的贯穿体。美国在海湾战争和科索沃战争中使用了大量的DU武器,造成人员体内及环境的DU污染,引起广泛的关注。本文对遭受DU武器袭击后的毒理学问题进行了综述和分析,内容包括DU内污染的特点、DU伤口污染的危害、吸入难溶性铀的危害以及急待研究的毒理学问题,着重阐述了嵌入伤口的DU残片对健康的危害。
- 贫铀 /
- 伤口污染 /
- 毒理学
Abstract: Depleted mallium (DU) is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment for producing nuclear reactor or nuclear weapon.DU is used in the military as an armor-piercing projectile due to its hardness, strength, and density.A lot of DU weapons were fired in the Gulf War, and bring about critical environmsntal and intemal contamination.Therefore, DU becomes suddenly a hot issue.In this paper, some toxicological problems after DU weapons attacked have been reviewed, which include features of iaternal DU contamination.hazard of wound contamination and inhalation with insoluble uranium, and other urgent toxicological issues.The healthy effects of implanted with depleted uranium pellets were illustrated in pahicular.
- depleted uranium /
- wound contamination /
- toxicology
本作品遵循Signature-Non-Commercial Use 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)协议

[1]	Loewenstein P.Industrial uses of depleted uranium[A].Uranium Battelfields Home and Abroad:Depleted Uranium Use by the US Department of Defense (G Bukowski and DA Lopez eds)[C].American Society for Metals, 1993.p 135-141.
[2]	Birchard K.Does Iraq's depleted uranium pose a health risk?[J].Lancet, 1998, 351(9103):657.
[3]	UNEP/UN CHS Balkans Task Force (BTF).The potential effects on human health and the environment arising from possible use of depleted uranium during the 1999 Kosovo conflict[C].A preliminary assessment.Geneva, 1999.p1-76.
[4]	刘树铮,孙世荃,朱寿彭,等.铀毒理学[M].北京:原子能出版社, 1995.
[5]	DurakovicA.Medical effects of internal contamination with uranium[J].Croat Med J, 1999, 40(1):49-66.
[6]	Doucet I.Desert Storm syndrome:sick soldiers and dead children?[M].Med War, 1994, 10(3):183-194.
[7]	McDiarmid MA, Keogh JP, Hooper FJ, et al.Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans[J].Environ Res, 2000, 82(2):168-180.
[8]	Pellmar TC, Keyser DO, Emery C, et al.Electrophysiological changes in hippocampal slices isolated from rats embedded with depleted uranium fragments[J].Neurotoxicology, 1999, 20(5):785-792.
[9]	Miller M, Galloway B, VanDerpoel G, et al.An alternative for cost-effective remediation of depleted uranium (DU) at certain environmental restorationsites[J].Health Phys, 2000, 78(2 Suppl):S9-S12.
[10]	Hooper FJ, Squibb KS, Siegel EL, et al.Elevated urine uranium excretion by soldiers with retained uranium shrapnel[J].Health Phys, 1999, 77(5):512-519.
[11]	Miller AC, Fuciarelli AF, Jackson W E et al.Uranary and serum mutagenicity studies with rats Implanted with depleted uranium or tantalum pellets[J].Mutagenesis, 1998, 13(6):643-648.
[12]	Pellmar TC, Fuciarelli AF, Ejnik JW, et al.Dishibution of uranium in rats implanted with depleted uranium pellets.Evolution of the continents and the atmosphere inferred from Th-U-Nb systematics of the depleted mantle[J].Science, 1999, 283:1519-1522.
[13]	Miller AC, William FB, Livengood D, et al.Transformation of human osteoblast cells to the tumorigenic phenotype by depleted uraniu-uranyl chloride[J].Environ Health Perspect, 1998, 106(8):465-471.
[14]	Stokinger HE.Toxicity following inhalation for land lyears[A].Pharmacology and Toxicology of Uranium Compounds (Voegtlin C and Hodge HC eds)[C].New York:McGraw-Hill, 1953.1370-1778.
[15]	Leach LJ, Maynard EA, Hodge HC, et al.A five-year inhalation study with natural uranium dioxide (UO) dust-Ⅰ.Retention and biologic effect in the monkey, dog and rat[J].Health Phys, 1970, 18(6):599-612.
[16]	Leach LJ, Yuile CL, Hodge HC, et al.A five-year inhalation study with natural uranium dioxide (UO₂) dustⅡ.Postexposure retention and biologic effects in the monkey, dog alld rat[J].Health Phys, 1973, 25 (3):239-258.

[1]	叶常青 . 放射毒理学进展. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1997, 21(z1): 212-216.
[2]	宋永良 , 饶尔昌 , 谢毓元 . 辐射防护药物的毒理学. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1978, 2(2): 41-45.
[3]	吴德昌 . 放射毒理学研究近况. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1980, 4(1): 37-40.
[4]	朱寿彭 . 核聚变物的放射毒理学进展. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1978, 2(1): 9-14.
[5]	强永刚 , 朱寿鹏 . ³⁵S的放射毒理学检测. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1987, 11(2): 91-92.
[6]	高平印 , 赵兴成 . 放射毒理学中¹⁴CO₂的测定. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1984, 8(2): 99-99.
[7]	朱寿彭 . 放射毒理学学科教学体系的探讨. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1995, 19(4): 183-186.
[8]	黄琪 , 陈如松 , 李章 . 多次给予DTPA对伤口污染¹⁴⁴Ce的大鼠排泄量和组织滞留量的影响. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1981, 5(1): 54-54.
[9]	章仲侯 , 吴德昌 . 对²³⁸Pu污染皮肤擦伤面和伤口后进入机体和去污效果的评价. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 1986, 10(4): 215-215.
[10]	于水 . 贫铀武器对人员和环境的影响评价. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2003, 27(3): 128-131.

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 1082
HTML全文浏览量: 118
PDF下载量: 2

遭受贫铀武器袭击后的毒理学问题

朱茂祥

作者简介:朱茂祥(1966-),男,湖南常德人,军事医学院放射医学研究所副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事放射毒理与辐射医学防护研究。

100850 北京, 军事医学科学院放射医学研究所

收稿日期: 1999-06-19

关键词:

贫铀 /
伤口污染 /
毒理学

摘要: 贫铀(DU)是供生产核反应堆或核武器用铀的废料,具有密度高、强度大、穿透力强等特性,军事上用于各种武器弹头的贯穿体。美国在海湾战争和科索沃战争中使用了大量的DU武器,造成人员体内及环境的DU污染,引起广泛的关注。本文对遭受DU武器袭击后的毒理学问题进行了综述和分析,内容包括DU内污染的特点、DU伤口污染的危害、吸入难溶性铀的危害以及急待研究的毒理学问题,着重阐述了嵌入伤口的DU残片对健康的危害。