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放疗所致心脏损伤(radiation-induced heart damage,RIHD)是因为在胸部肿瘤放疗过程中,心脏不可避免地受到照射,继而发生一系列心脏疾病,包括心包疾病、心肌纤维化、心肌病、冠状动脉疾病、瓣膜病和心律失常等[1]。20世纪50年代放疗开始应用于临床,直到20世纪90年代,在一项关于早期乳腺癌的随机试验中,人们才发现严重的RIHD的影响完全超出了放疗所带来的生存获益[2]。现今,心脏病学及肿瘤学专家已经对RIHD进行了持久的研究,如何做到早期诊断及明确诊断已成为当下研究的首要热点。现将RIHD的诊断方法总结如下。
放射性心脏损伤诊断方法的研究进展
Progress of diagnostic methods for radiation-induced heart damage
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摘要: 放疗是胸部恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一。放疗过程中心脏不可避免地会受到照射,引起早期或晚期的心脏结构或功能损伤,严重降低了放疗患者的生活质量。随着放疗在胸部恶性肿瘤中的应用,其所致心脏损伤的发病率也在逐步升高。因此,对诊断放射性心脏损伤的方法(如血液学和影像学等)的研究,力求早发现和指导早干预是当代临床医师所面临的重大问题。Abstract: Radiation therapy is one of the primary treatments for chest malignant tumors. The heart is exposed inevitably under radiation, therefore, caused early or late structural or functional heart damage and even reduced severely the survival benefit of the radiotherapy patients. With the application of radiotherapy in chest malignant tumors, the morbidity of heart injury caused by radiotherapy increases accordingly. Therefore, the research on the method of diagnosis (hematology, imaging, etc.) of radioactive heart damage, and the early detection and guidance of early intervention are the major problems faced by modern clinicians.
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Key words:
- Radiotherapy /
- Cardiac injuries /
- Diagnosis
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