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轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是介于认知正常到认知障碍这一认知功能受损的连续过程中的一个阶段[1]。在这一阶段,患者正常的日常生活能力通常并没有明显下降,而是出现认知功能明显低于相应年龄的正常人群。认知功能通常包括6个重要的认知领域,即学习和记忆、社会功能、语言、视空间功能、复杂注意力或执行功能。MCI通常分为遗忘型MCI(amnestic MCI,aMCI)和非遗忘型MCI(nonamnestic MCI,naMCI)[2]。aMCI是指记忆存储信息的能力受到损害,而naMCI是指一个或多个其他认知域受到损害,而记忆功能却相对完整。其中aMCI患者每年有10%~15%转化为阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)[3],这比普通人群每年1%~2%的转化率要高得多,而naMCI更倾向于发展为原发性进行性失语、额颞叶痴呆、路易体痴呆等,以记忆损害为主相对少见,通常较aMCI更难诊断[1, 3]。一项Meta分析结果表明,在中国MCI的患病率大约为12.7%(95%CI:9.7%~16.5%),目前对于MCI的诊断多是基于知情人或患者本人抱怨记忆下降的主诉和认知量表的诊断,均有一定的主观性,所以仍需要明确的特异性影像标志物为诊断提供客观的影像学依据[4]。本文综述MCI患者海马的影像学相关研究进展,希望可以促进相关方面的研究,为提高临床诊断的准确率提供影像学依据。
轻度认知障碍患者海马的影像学研究进展
Advances in imaging studies of hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive impairment
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摘要: 海马是学习记忆相关的重要脑区,其结构、功能的异常与轻度认知障碍(MCI)的发生发展密切相关。MRI、PET等影像学检查手段能提供海马的结构、功能与葡萄糖代谢等指标,能对早期筛查和诊断MCI提供更多的影像学支持。笔者主要综述了遗忘型MCI患者海马结构、海马的功能连接及海马葡萄糖代谢的影像学研究进展,以期发现更加敏感的影像学指标用于MCI的诊断。Abstract: The hippocampus is an important brain region related to learning and memory. MRI, PET and other imaging methods can provide structural, functional and glucose metabolism indicators of the hippocampus, and provide more imaging support for early screening and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper mainly reviews the imaging research progress of hippocampal volume, hippocampal functional connectivity and hippocampal glucose metabolism in patients with amnestic MCI, with a view to finding more sensitive imaging indicators for the diagnosis of MCI.
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Key words:
- Cognitive dysfunction /
- Hippocampus /
- Glucose metabolism /
- Multimodal imaging /
- Functional connectivity
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