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放射性131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)已有70多年历史,是目前DTC治疗的安全有效的措施之一[1-2]。为了保护公众及确保环境达到环保与卫生监督的要求,大多数国家针对DTC患者131I治疗的规范化管理制定了行业标准,当使用较大剂量131I治疗时,要求对这类患者进行住院辐射隔离观察[2-3]。但每个国家对DTC患者131I治疗后出院时体内残留辐射最低水平的要求不同,我国的要求相对于欧美国家更严格,要求出院患者体内残留的放射性活度水平低于400 MBq或者距离患者1 m外的辐射剂量率低于23.3 μSv/h[4]。为了分析131I治疗后DTC患者体内残留及病房的辐射剂量和变化规律,我们对131I治疗后的DTC患者进行体内剂量估测,并对患者出院后病房及设施的辐射剂量水平进行评价。
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3组患者服用131I治疗0.5 h后1 m外的辐射剂量率分别为(597.5±196.3)、(794.5±254.2)、(1114.1±258.5) μSv/h,差异有统计学意义(F=62.757,P< 0.01)。随着时间的延长,3组患者体内辐射剂量的差距逐渐缩小,服用131I治疗72 h后,3组患者1 m外的辐射剂量率分别为(13.3±10.7)、(16.1±9.7)、(21.9±14.5)μSv/h,差异无统计学意义(F=2.313,P>0.05)。3组患者1 m外的辐射剂量率与时间变化曲线见图1,患者体内残留辐射剂量下降趋势最佳拟合数学模型为指数曲线函数。3组数据的拟合函数及R2值分别为y=377.45e−0.051x,R2=0.97;y=583.8e−0.054x,R2=0.98;y=748.29 e−0.053x,R2=0.98。
图 1 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者服131I治疗后1 m外的辐射剂量率与时间变化曲线
Figure 1. Trend curve of radiation dose rates and time at 1 m after iodine 131 administration in three groups of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
3组DTC患者服用131I治疗后不同时间1 m外的辐射剂量率低于23.3 μSv/h的比例见表1,80 h后95.8%(137/143)的患者1 m外的辐射剂量率低于我国《WS 533-2017临床核医学患者防护要求》[4]规定可出院的水平(23.3 μSv/h),3组患者1 m外的平均辐射剂量率分别为(8.4±9.2)、(9.2±5.2)、(12.6±9.9)μSv/h,其中3.70 GBq治疗组有2例患者的辐射剂量率大于23.3 μSv/h,7.40 GBq治疗组有4例大于23.3 μSv/h。
组别 服131I治疗后的时间 48 h 72 h 80 h 3.70 GBq治疗组 62.7%(32/51) 90.2%(46/51) 96.1%(49/51) 5.55 GBq治疗组 39.2%(20/51) 88.2%(45/51) 100%(51/51) 7.40 GBq治疗组 14.6%(6/41) 65.8%(27/41) 90.2%(37/41) 表 1 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者服用131I治疗后不同时间1 m 外辐射剂量率低于出院辐射剂量限制的患者比例
Table 1. The proportion of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who were less than the radiation dose limitation after taking iodine 131 at different time
出院后当天患者使用过的床单、病服、病房地面及洗手间门口地面的表面剂量率分别为(3.9±1.2)、(4.1±1.9)、(3.8±1.6)、(6.2±2.6)μSv/h,均低于《GBZ 133-2009 医用放射性废物的卫生防护管理》[5]规定的辐射限制水平(<0.1 mSv/h)。
131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌患者体内残留辐射剂量及病房辐射剂量的监测分析
Radiation monitoring in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with iodine-131 and their wards
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摘要:
目的 评估住院131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者体内残留辐射剂量达到出院要求的时间,以及患者所住病房和用具的辐射情况。 方法 选取2015年1月至2017年3月在中山大学附属第三医院核医学科接受术后131I住院治疗的DTC患者143例,其中男性46例、女性97例,年龄(37.6±12.4)岁。按给药剂量分为3.70、5.55和7.40 GBq 3组,每组患者分别为51、51、41例。患者在服用131I后0.5、2、4、8、12、24、36、48、72、80 h,在距离患者1 m外使用实时辐射监测仪测定辐射剂量率,估算患者体内放射性活度的变化情况。在患者出院后当天应用表面辐射污染监测仪对病房环境及患者使用过的床被进行表面污染辐射剂量的监测。对3组辐射剂量率数据进行单因素方差分析。 结果 服131I治疗 0.5 h后3组DTC患者1 m外的辐射剂量率[(597.5±196.3)、(794.5±254.2)、(1114.1±258.5) μSv/h]的差异有统计学意义(F=62.757,P<0.01),但随着时间的延长,辐射剂量水平按类似指数曲线的变化规律迅速下降,且3组间差距逐渐缩小,在服131I 治疗72 h后3组患者1 m外的辐射剂量率[(13.3±10.7)、(16.1±9.7)、(21.9±14.5) μSv/h]的差异无统计学意义(F=2.313,P>0.05)。服131I治疗后80 h 95.8%(137/143)DTC患者1 m外辐射剂量率低于23.3 μSv/h。出院后患者使用过的床单、病服、病房地面及洗手间门口地面的表面剂量率分别为(3.9±1.2)、(4.1±1.9)、(3.8±1.6)、(6.2±2.6) μSv/h,均低于相应规定的辐射剂量限制水平。 结论 使用不超过7.40 GBq 131I治疗的DTC患者在服用131I治疗80 h后,绝大多数患者体内残留131I剂量低于国家规定的辐射限制水平。出院后患者所处病房环境及使用过的床单、病服的辐射污染均低于限制水平,无需特殊处理。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate how long after iodine-131 treatment of hospitalized patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the radiation dose in patients fit the discharged requirements, as well as the radiation levels in wards and facilities in which the patients lived. Methods A total of 143 patients with DTC were hospitalized and treated with iodine-131 from January 2015 to March 2017 in the department of nuclear medicine, third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university. The participants consisted of 46 males and 97 females aged 37.6±12.4 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to the radiation dose of iodine-131. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were administered with 3.70, 5.55, and 7.40 GBq, respectively. After the administration of iodine-131 for 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 80 h, the radiation dose rate was measured at 1 m in front of the patients by using a real-time radiation monitor, and the changes in radioactivity in the patients were estimated. On the day after the patients were discharged, the radiation doses on the patients' clothes, bed sheets, ward floor, and ground at the bathroom door were monitored using a surface radiation monitor. Data were subjected to variance analysis, and a P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Groups 1 [(597.5±196.3) μsv/h], 2 [(794.5±254.2) μsv/h], and 3 [(1114.1±258.5) μsv/h] had significantly different radiation dose rates (F=62.757, P<0.01) after 0.5 h of iodine-131 administration. Prolonged radiation exposure resulted in rapid exponential decrease in the radiation dose rate and gradual reduction in the differences among the data. The radiation dose rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 [(13.3±10.7), (16.1±9.7), and (21.9±14.5) μsv/h, respectively] after 72 h of iodine-131 administration were not significantly different (F=2.313, P>0.05). The dose rate in 95.8% of the patients (137 out of 143 patients) was less than 23.3 μSv/h after approximately 80 h of iodine-131 administration. After the patients were discharged from the hospital, the surface dose rates on the bed sheets, patients' clothes, ward floor, and ground at the bathroom door were (3.9±1.2), (4.1±1.9), (3.8±1.6), and (6.2±2.6) μsv/h, respectively. These values were lower than the corresponding radiation limit levels. Conclusions After 80 h of treatment with no more than 7.40 GBq iodine-131, the residual dose of iodine-131 in most patients was lower than its restricted value in China. The radiation pollution level of the patients' ward grounds, bed sheets, and clothes were also lower than the radiation limit. Thus, these materials and facilities require no special treatment. -
Key words:
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Thyroid neoplasms /
- Radiation dosage /
- Patients' rooms /
- Radiation monitoring
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表 1 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者服用131I治疗后不同时间1 m 外辐射剂量率低于出院辐射剂量限制的患者比例
Table 1. The proportion of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who were less than the radiation dose limitation after taking iodine 131 at different time
组别 服131I治疗后的时间 48 h 72 h 80 h 3.70 GBq治疗组 62.7%(32/51) 90.2%(46/51) 96.1%(49/51) 5.55 GBq治疗组 39.2%(20/51) 88.2%(45/51) 100%(51/51) 7.40 GBq治疗组 14.6%(6/41) 65.8%(27/41) 90.2%(37/41) -
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