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在全球核能产业发展的历史上,人类遭遇过多次核安全事故的打击。1957~1999年,全球发生了10次引人注目的核事故[1]:1957年10月10日英国温斯克尔大火导致大量放射性污染物外泄,此次核灾难是美国三哩岛核电站事故发生前最为严重的反应堆事故;1966年1月17日西班牙帕利马雷斯氢弹事故;1968年1月21日美国图勒核事故;1970年12月18日美国加卡平地核事故;1979年3月28日美国三哩岛核电站事故;1985年8月10日符拉迪沃斯托克K-431核潜艇事故;1986年4月26日前苏联切尔诺贝利核泄漏事故,此次事故产生的放射性尘降物数量是在日本广岛投掷的原子弹释放量的400倍;1987年9月13日巴西戈亚尼亚辐射事故;1993年4月6日俄罗斯托木斯克核爆炸事故;1999年9月30日日本东海村核事故。近年来的重大核事故是2011年3月11日在日本发生的福岛第一核电站事故[2],地震和海啸造成了场内供电线路和安全基础设施的严重破坏,叠加效应导致最为严重的七级核事故,虽然时间已经过去8年,但福岛核事故的影响依然存在。回首过去,审视当前,展望未来,笔者总结了在人类核能产业发展中值得反思的经验和教训。
日本福岛核事故8周年后的反思与教训
Lessons and introspection of Fukushima Nuclear Accident eight years latter
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摘要: 2011年3月11日发生的日本福岛第一核电站核事故虽已过去8年,但其社会影响和人群健康风险是公众持续关注的主要问题。笔者分析了福岛第一核电站核事故发生之后8年来的状况及世界权威组织发布的文献资料,客观评价了其对环境及健康的影响,总结了其经验教训及对我国的启示。Abstract: Eight years since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident (March 11, 2011), social impact and health risk remain as major and continuous public concerns. This study analyzes the situation of Fukushima nuclear accident after March 11, 2011 and the reports published by international authority organizations. This work also assesses the impact of Fukushima nuclear accident on the environment and human health after eight years and summarizes its lessons for China.
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