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目前,影像学检查是临床上疾病诊断和分期的首选方法,在疾病治疗和随访中也起到重要作用[1]。X射线设备质量控制是通过对X射线设备的性能检测、维护和对X射线影像形成过程的监测和校正行为,保证影像质量[2]。质量控制的作用是确保获得足够的诊断信息和足够高的诊断图像质量,并尽可能地减少受检者受照剂量[3-4]。我们根据医院级别和性质,选择三级医院、二级医院、一级医院和民营医院进行调查,分析不同级别医院的医用X射线摄影机的合格率、国产设备占有率和使用年限大于10年的占有率之间是否存在差异,并探讨可能存在的原因。通过对天津市6个行政区医用X射线摄影机的质量控制检测,初步掌握天津市6个行政区不同级别医院所使用的医用X射线摄影机的性能指标状况。
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医用X射线摄影机相关检测项目、指标要求和设备合格情况的汇总结果见表 1。
检测项目 检测要求 合格数/台 合格率/% 输出量 基线值±20% 149 86.6 输出量线性 ±10% 168 97.7 输出量重复性 ±10% 167 97.1 管电压指示的偏离 ±5 kV 142 82.6 曝光时间指示的偏离 t≥0.1s:±10%
t < 0.1s:±15%160 93.0 有用线束半值层 ≥2.3 mmAl 169 98.3 有用线束垂直度偏离 ≤3° 161 93.6 光野与照射野四边的偏离 任一边±1 cm 137 79.7 光野与照射野中心的偏离 ≤1 cm 163 94.8 表 1 天津市172台医用X射线摄影机质量控制检测结果
Table 1. Quality control test results of radiography unit
在172台设备中,设备质量控制检测合格率为69.2%;在9项指标中,管电压指示的偏离和光野与照射影四边的偏离合格率分别为82.6%和79.7%,低于其余7项的合格率,其余7项合格率均在85%以上(表 1)。
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不同级别医院相关设备的设备合格率、国产设备占有率以及设备使用年限的调查结果见表 2。由表 2可知:三级医院、二级医院、一级医院和民营医院的设备合格率分别为82.4%、72.5%、51.9%和54.1%,其中三级医院与一级医院和民营医院的差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.272、9.599,均P < 0.01);三级医院、二级医院、一级医院和民营医院的国产设备占有率分别为7.35%、27.5%、92.6%和78.4%,其中三级医院与二级医院、一级医院和民营医院差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.907、64.184、54.478,均P < 0.01)、二级医院与一级医院和民营医院的差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=27.472、19.932,均P < 0.01);三级医院、二级医院、一级医院和民营医院使用设备年限大于10年的比例分别为16.2%、25.0%、51.9%和32.4%,其中三级医院和一级医院的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.933,P < 0.01)。
医院级别 检测数/台 合格数/台 合格率/% 国产设备/台 国产设备占有率/% 使用年限>10 a/台 使用年限>10 a/% 三级医院 68 56 82.4 5 7.35 11 16.2 二级医院 40 29 72.5 11 27.5b 10 25.0 一级医院 27 14 51.9a 25 92.6b, c 14 51.9d 民营医院 37 20 54.1a 29 78.4b, c 12 32.4 注:表中,a:与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.272、9.599,均P < 0.01);b:与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.907、64.184、54.478,均P < 0.01);c:与二级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.472、19.932,均P < 0.01);与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.933,均P < 0.01)。 表 2 天津市不同级别医院使用的放射诊疗设备情况
Table 2. Radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in different hospital levels
2016年天津市部分区医用X射线摄影机质量控制状态检测结果与分析
Quality control status test and analysis of partial radiography unit in Tianjin
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摘要:
目的通过对天津市6个行政区内172台医用X射线摄影机质量控制检测,了解天津市6个行政区医用X射线摄影机的性能指标状况。 方法根据医院级别和性质将医疗机构分为三级医院、二级医院、一级医院和民营医院,按照《医用常规X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测规范》(WS 76—2011)标准对其中共性的9项指标进行检测,9项指标均合格的设备被判定为合格。采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析。多组样本组间率的比较采用R×C列联表的χ2检验,多组样本间率的两两比较采用χ2分割法。 结果在172台设备中,合格的设备占69.2%;不合格指标主要是管电压指示的偏离和光野与照射野四边的偏离。三级医院设备合格率为82.4%,高于一级医院的51.9%和民营医院的54.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.272、9.599,均P < 0.01);三级医院国产设备占有率为7.35%,低于二级医院的27.5%、一级医院的92.6%和民营医院的78.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.907、64.184、54.478,均P < 0.01);二级医院国产设备占有率也低于一级医院和民营医院,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.472、19.932,均P < 0.01);在用设备使用年限大于10年的,三级医院占16.2%,低于一级医院的51.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.933,P < 0.01)。 结论天津市6个行政区二级、三级医院医用X射线摄影机性能状态良好,一级和民营医院需进一步优化设备和加强质量控制管理。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo understand the performance indicators of radiography unit in six district of Tianjin. We tested and analyzed the testing results of 172 radiography unit in the light of quality control inspection and evaluation methods. MethodsThe medical institution was divide into tertiary hospital, secondary hospital, community hospital and private hospital. We tested the nine indexs of radiography unit with the Specifications for Testing of Image Quality Control in Medical X-ray Diagnostic Equipment(WS 76-2011). And only when the nine index were qualified, the radiography unit was judged to be qualified. All date were analysed by SPSS 16.0. Multi-sample rate was done by R×C Chi-square test, and multiple comparisons of rate was done by partition of Chi-square test method. ResultsThe qualified rate of the 172 units were 69.2%. The unqualified indexs of radiography unit were the deviation of the pipe voltage indicator and the deviation of the light field from the four sides of the irradiation field. The qualified rate of state testing in tertiary hospital was 82.4%, which was higher than that 51.9% in community hospital and 54.1% in private hospital(χ2=9.272, 9.599, both P < 0.01), and these differences were all statistically significant. The occupancy rate of domestic radiography unit in tertiary hospital was 7.35%, which were lower than that 27.5% in secondary hospital, that 92.6% in community hospital and that 78.4%(χ2=7.907, 64.184, 54.478, all P < 0.01) in private hospital, and these differences were all statistically significant. And the occupancy rate of domestic radiography unit in secondary hospital were lower than that in community hospital and private hospital(χ2=27.472, 19.932, both P < 0.01), and these differences were all statistically significant. The rate of radiography unit used by tertiary hospitals over 10 years was 16.2%, which was lower than that 51.9%(χ2=12.933, P < 0.01) in community hospital, and this difference was statistically significant. ConclusionThe performance status of radiography unit in tertiary hospital and secondary hospital of the six district of Tianjin are satisfactory, wherea community hospitals and private hospital need to optimize radiography unit and strengthen quality control management. -
Key words:
- X-ray computed radiograph /
- Quality control /
- Quality management
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表 1 天津市172台医用X射线摄影机质量控制检测结果
Table 1. Quality control test results of radiography unit
检测项目 检测要求 合格数/台 合格率/% 输出量 基线值±20% 149 86.6 输出量线性 ±10% 168 97.7 输出量重复性 ±10% 167 97.1 管电压指示的偏离 ±5 kV 142 82.6 曝光时间指示的偏离 t≥0.1s:±10%
t < 0.1s:±15%160 93.0 有用线束半值层 ≥2.3 mmAl 169 98.3 有用线束垂直度偏离 ≤3° 161 93.6 光野与照射野四边的偏离 任一边±1 cm 137 79.7 光野与照射野中心的偏离 ≤1 cm 163 94.8 表 2 天津市不同级别医院使用的放射诊疗设备情况
Table 2. Radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in different hospital levels
医院级别 检测数/台 合格数/台 合格率/% 国产设备/台 国产设备占有率/% 使用年限>10 a/台 使用年限>10 a/% 三级医院 68 56 82.4 5 7.35 11 16.2 二级医院 40 29 72.5 11 27.5b 10 25.0 一级医院 27 14 51.9a 25 92.6b, c 14 51.9d 民营医院 37 20 54.1a 29 78.4b, c 12 32.4 注:表中,a:与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.272、9.599,均P < 0.01);b:与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.907、64.184、54.478,均P < 0.01);c:与二级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.472、19.932,均P < 0.01);与三级医院比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.933,均P < 0.01)。 -
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