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甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)是甲状腺癌中最常见的病理分型,约占所有甲状腺癌的80%。其中肿瘤最大直径≤1.0 cm的PTC称为甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)[1]。近几十年来,PTMC的发病率有所增加[2-4]。这与近年来医疗水平的提高、人们健康体检观念的增强及超声新技术等检查技术的应用密不可分。与乳头状非微小癌相比,大部分PTMC发病隐匿且疾病进展缓慢,对其进行临床干预的必要性仍然存在争议。我们通过对来我科接受放射性核素131I治疗的369例甲状腺全切术后的PTC患者进行回顾性分析,分别比较PTMC与PTC患者的临床特点及预后,为患者制定个体化治疗方案提供一定的临床依据。
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在各项计数资料中,PTMC组患者病灶发生在单叶的比例明显高于PTC组,两者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.94,P=0.00);PTMC组患者病灶发生腺叶外浸润的比例明显低于PTC组,两者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.22,P =0.00)。PTMC组患者病灶发生颈部淋巴结转移及中央区淋巴结转移的比例明显低于PTC组,两者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.23、23.56,P =0.00);在计量资料中,PTMC组中平均转移淋巴结数量为(1.49±2.26)个,明显少于PTC组的(2.94±3.43)个,差异有统计学意义(t=2.37,P= 0.03);PTMC组患者合并桥本氏甲状腺炎的比例明显高于PTC组,两者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.08,P=0.00)。2组患者发生远处转移的情况差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.65,P>0.05)。2组患者单灶发病率及合并甲状腺功能亢进症和结节性甲状腺肿等良性疾病的情况差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.66、0.99、0.65,均P>0.05)(表 1)。
组别 例数 包膜侵犯 病灶数量 累及腺叶 颈部淋巴结转移 中央区淋巴结转移 远处转移 合并Graves病 合并桥本氏甲状腺炎 合并桥本氏甲状腺肿 单个 多个 单叶肿瘤 双叶肿瘤 PTMC组 194 52 74 120 96 98 52 97 4 8 44 89 (26.80%) (38.14%) (61.86%) (49.48%) (50.52%) (26.80%) (50.00%) (2.06%) (4.12%) (22.68%) (45.88%) PTC组 175 76 74 101 29 146 76 131 6 4 19 73 (43.43%) (42.29%) (57.71%) (16.57%) (83.43%) (43.43%) (74.86%) (3.43%) (2.29%) (10.86%) (41.71%) χ2值或t值 11.22 0.66 0.66 45.94 45.94 44.23 23.56 0.65 0.99 9.08 0.65 P值 0.00 0.46 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.34 0.00 0.46 注:表中,PTMC:甲状腺微小乳头状癌;PTC:甲状腺乳头状癌(除甲状腺微小乳头状癌以外) 表 1 PTMC和PTC患者的临床资料(例)
Table 1. Clinical features of PTMC patients and PTC patients (case)
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2组共197(53.39%)例患者经过治疗后达到临床缓解,其中PTMC组有67.53%(131/194)患者治疗后达到临床缓解,高于PTC组的37.71%(66/175),差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.96,P=0.00)。首次治疗后即达到临床缓解的有102例(51.78%),平均年龄为(46.26±10.56)岁,其中PTMC组有74例,占PTMC组达到缓解总例数的56.49%,PTC组有28例,占PTC组达到缓解总例数的42.42%,分析比较PTMC组和PTC组各自经首次治疗即达到临床缓解的病例特点,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.18,P>0.05)(表 2)。
组别 达到临床缓解 经1次l3lI治疗即达到临床缓解 经多次131I治疗达到临床缓解 PTMC 131(67.53%) 74(56.49%) 57(43.51%) PTC 66(37.71%) 28(42.42%) 38(57.58%) 总数 197(53.39%) 102(51.78%) 95(48.22%) 注:表中,PTMC:甲状腺微小乳头状癌;PTC:甲状腺乳头状癌(除甲状腺微小乳头状癌以外)。 表 2 PTMC和PTC患者疾病缓解特点分析[(例)%]
Table 2. Remission features of PTMC patients and PTC patients[(case)%]
甲状腺微小乳头状癌与乳头状非微小癌的临床特点及131I疗效的比较研究
Clinical characteristics and 131I efficacy of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and papillary thyroid non-micro carcinoma
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摘要:
目的研究比较甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)和除PTMC以外的甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的临床特点及131I疗效。 方法将369例行甲状腺全切术后拟行131I治疗的PTC患者,按照肿瘤直径分为PTMC组(≤ 1.0 cm)和PTC组(>1.0 cm)。回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料并评估患者的预后,应用SPSS22.0统计软件对结果进行t检验和卡方检验统计分析。 结果PTMC组发生淋巴结转移和中央区淋巴结转移的患者比例均低于PTC组,且转移的淋巴结数量更少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.23、23.56、42.80,均P<0.05)。与PTC组相比,PTMC组患者大多单叶发病(χ2=45.94,P<0.05)且更少发生包膜侵犯(χ2=11.22,P<0.05),PTMC组有更多的患者合并桥本氏甲状腺炎,两者间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.08,P<0.05)。2组患者发生远处转移及合并毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿和结节性甲状腺肿等良性疾病的情况之间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.09、2.16、0.21,均P>0.05)。2组共197例患者经过治疗达到临床缓解,其中PTMC组患者治疗后的缓解率(67.53%)高于PTC组(37.71%)。197例达到临床缓解的患者中有102例经首次治疗即达到临床缓解。虽然PTMC组经首次治疗即达到临床缓解的患者多于PTC组,但两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.18,P>0.05)。 结论PTMC患者的临床特点不同于乳头状非微小癌患者,经131I治疗后PTMC总体治愈率更高。在临床工作中,建议对PTMC患者制定个体化的治疗方案,从而达到更好的治疗效果及预后。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the clinical features and 131I efficacy of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) except for PTMC. MethodsPTC patients who were undergoing 131I treatment after total thyroidectomy were divided into the PTMC group (≤ 1.0 cm) and the papillary non-microcarcinoma group (>1.0 cm) according to tumor diameter. The clinical data of both groups were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognoses of the patients were evaluated. The statistical software SPSS Statistics 22.0 was used to analyze the results via t test and chi-squared (χ2) test. ResultsThe proportion of patients with lymph node and central lymph node metastases in the PTMC group was lower than that in the PTC group. The number of metastatic lymph nodes was less, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=44.23, 23.56, 42.80, all P<0.05). Most of the patients in the PTMC group demonstrated unilateral morbidity (χ2=45.94, P<0.05) and less extranodal infiltrations (χ2=11.22, P<0.05) compared with the patients in the PTC group. The PTMC group included more patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis than the PTC group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=9.08, P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to the occurrence of distant metastases and benign diseases, such as diffuse toxic goiter and nodular goiter (χ2=2.16, 0.21, both P>0.05). A total of 197 patients in the two groups achieved clinical remission after treatment. The remission rate in the PTMC group was higher than that in the PTC group. Among the 197 clinical remission cases, 102 patients achieved clinical remission after the first treatment. Although more patients achieved clinical remission in the PTMC group than in the PTC group after the first treatment, no significant difference was noted between the two groups (χ2=3.18, P>0.05). ConclusionsThe clinical features of PTMC patients differ from those of PTC patients. The overall cure rate of PTMC after 131I treatment is higher than that of PTC. The development of individualized treatment plans for PTMC patients is recommended to achieve good therapeutic effect and prognosis. -
表 1 PTMC和PTC患者的临床资料(例)
Table 1. Clinical features of PTMC patients and PTC patients (case)
组别 例数 包膜侵犯 病灶数量 累及腺叶 颈部淋巴结转移 中央区淋巴结转移 远处转移 合并Graves病 合并桥本氏甲状腺炎 合并桥本氏甲状腺肿 单个 多个 单叶肿瘤 双叶肿瘤 PTMC组 194 52 74 120 96 98 52 97 4 8 44 89 (26.80%) (38.14%) (61.86%) (49.48%) (50.52%) (26.80%) (50.00%) (2.06%) (4.12%) (22.68%) (45.88%) PTC组 175 76 74 101 29 146 76 131 6 4 19 73 (43.43%) (42.29%) (57.71%) (16.57%) (83.43%) (43.43%) (74.86%) (3.43%) (2.29%) (10.86%) (41.71%) χ2值或t值 11.22 0.66 0.66 45.94 45.94 44.23 23.56 0.65 0.99 9.08 0.65 P值 0.00 0.46 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.34 0.00 0.46 注:表中,PTMC:甲状腺微小乳头状癌;PTC:甲状腺乳头状癌(除甲状腺微小乳头状癌以外) 表 2 PTMC和PTC患者疾病缓解特点分析[(例)%]
Table 2. Remission features of PTMC patients and PTC patients[(case)%]
组别 达到临床缓解 经1次l3lI治疗即达到临床缓解 经多次131I治疗达到临床缓解 PTMC 131(67.53%) 74(56.49%) 57(43.51%) PTC 66(37.71%) 28(42.42%) 38(57.58%) 总数 197(53.39%) 102(51.78%) 95(48.22%) 注:表中,PTMC:甲状腺微小乳头状癌;PTC:甲状腺乳头状癌(除甲状腺微小乳头状癌以外)。 -
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