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放射性核素全身骨显像是通过放射性核素检测骨组织的代谢异常,常用的显像剂为99Tcm-MDP。骨显像的原理是骨骼的主要无机盐成份--羟基磷灰石晶体,依靠化学吸附和离子交换从血液中获取99Tcm-MDP,并通过SPECT显像。99Tcm-MDP SPECT骨显像具有灵敏度高,能观察全身骨组织病变等特点,广泛用于骨外伤、感染、瘤样病变、转移性骨肿瘤等诊断。相关研究显示,外伤、手术创伤、放疗、各种原发及转移性肿瘤、大量胸腹腔积液、明显渗出及弥漫性炎性病变等均可引起99Tcm-MDP的非特异性摄取,但本例患者并无确切证据显示其双肺浓聚影与以上原因有关。本文通过综合分析患者病史、检查结果,并查阅文献,对本例患者双肺弥漫性摄取99Tcm-MDP的原因做出了比较合理的解释。
多发性骨髓瘤双肺弥漫性摄取99Tcm-MDP一例
Diffuse bilateral pulmonary uptake 99Tcm-MDP in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report
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摘要: 笔者报道了一例腰骶部及双下肢疼痛、活动受限1年入院的病例。从临床症状、实验室检查、影像学检查、骨髓细胞形态学检查及术后病理检查的结果诊断为多发性骨髓瘤。临床表现为急性肾功能衰竭、高钙血症、骨髓造血功能障碍及肺部感染。行全身骨显像发现患者双肺弥漫性摄取99Tcm-MDP。相关文献显示,多发性骨髓瘤可引起肾功能不全,并通过诱发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进导致高钙血症,Ca2+沿浓度梯度被动转运至肺泡及支气管上皮细胞,与线粒体结合形成转移性微钙化灶,可摄取99Tcm-MDP并在SPECT中显影。结合患者病史、检查结果及相关文献,综合分析考虑双肺广泛转移性微钙沉积是引起99Tcm-MDP弥漫性显影的主要原因。由于双肺转移性钙化灶非常微小,通过普通的影像学检查手段很难发现,而且此类患者常伴随重度通气障碍,预后极差,因此99Tcm-MDP显像不失为一种诊断及疗效评估的手段,提示临床医师尽早采取积极的对症治疗,改善患者预后,降低病死率。Abstract: The author reports a patient who was admitted due to 'pain in the lumbosacral region and bilateral lower limbs with limited activity for 1 year'. Based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, bone marrow cell morphological examinations, and postoperative pathology, the patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, acute renal failure, hypercalcemia, hematopoietic dysfunction of bone marrow, and pulmonary infection. Moreover, SPECT revealed diffuse uptake of 99Tcm-MDP in bilateral pulmonary. Relevant literature suggests that multiple myeloma may cause renal insufficiency and induce secondary hyperparathyroidism, thereby leading to hypercalcemia. In the resulting hypercalcemia, Ca2+ is passively transported along the concentration gradient to the pulmonary alveoli and bronchial epithelial cells, where Ca2+ binds to the mitochondria and forms metastatic microcalcifications that take up 99Tcm-MDP and are opacified in SPECT. Combining medical history, examination results, and relevant literature, we suspected that extensive metastatic microcalcium deposition in the bilateral pulmonary mainly causes the diffuse development of 99Tcm-MDP. The metastatic calcification in bilateral pulmonary is low; therefore, it is difficult to detect using common imaging methods. Moreover, these patients always have severe ventilatory disorders, which have extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, 99Tcm-MDP imaging may be used to evaluate the diagnosis and efficacy, thus suggesting that clinicians should perform active symptomatic treatment as early as possible to improve prognosis and reduce mortality.
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