-
胶质瘤是颅脑中枢神经系统较常见的原发性肿瘤,约占脑肿瘤的40%~45%,依据细胞分化程度分为星形细胞瘤、少突细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、髓母细胞瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤等[1]。胶质瘤危害很大,预后取决于患者年龄、分期、手术切除情况、组织学分类、病理分级等[2]。MRI是目前胶质瘤中应用最为广泛的影像学手段,有较高的软组织分辨率,在早期诊断、放疗规划、病例随访、预后评估等方面均起到很大的作用[3]。MRI增强通常是高级别肿瘤的征象,但是许多手术或放疗后的患者,由于血脑屏障破坏,可以出现非特异性的强化[4],另外抗血管生成治疗也会影响MRI的判断[5],这些因素都会干扰MRI诊断的准确性。
近年来随着PET广泛应用于多种肿瘤,其诊断、分期以及预后预测方面的价值逐渐受到临床的肯定。18F-FDG是目前临床上应用最广的PET/CT正电子显像剂,其在胶质瘤中的聚集可反映肿瘤细胞的侵袭性,但是18F-FDG在炎性细胞中的代谢程度也较高,正常的脑灰质中亦有极高的本底,不利于区分肿块及周围的正常脑组织,限制了其应用。因此近年来以11C-蛋氨酸(11C-L-methionine,11C-MET)和18F-酪氨酸(O-2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-thro-sine,18F-FET)为主的氨基酸类显像剂在胶质瘤显像中得到了较好的发展和应用。本文主要就两种氨基酸类显像剂在胶质瘤中的应用现状进行综述。
氨基酸类正电子显像在胶质瘤中的研究进展
Research progress on glioma imaging using amino acid PET
-
摘要: 胶质瘤是神经系统中较常见的疾病之一,严重危害人类健康,其预后取决于分期、手术切除情况、组织学分类、病理分级等。氨基酸类正电子显像剂如11C-蛋氨酸(11C-MET)、18F-酪氨酸(18F-FET)等在胶质瘤PET显像中有较为广泛的应用。11C-MET和18F-FET作为氨基酸类显像剂既可以反映人体内的氨基酸转运、代谢和蛋白质合成,又可以对胶质瘤进行早期诊断、分级、鉴别坏死与复发、放疗靶区的勾画及判断预后等,对其临床诊疗有较大的价值。笔者就两种氨基酸类显像剂在胶质瘤中的应用现状进行综述。
-
关键词:
- 神经胶质瘤 /
- 甲硫氨酸 /
- 酪氨酸 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术
Abstract: Glioma is one of the common diseases of the nervous system, and it poses hazards to human health.Prognosis of glioma depends on staging, surgical resection, histological classification, and pathological grading.Both 11C-L-methionine and 18F-fluoroethyl tyrosine are popular amino acid tracers used in PET imaging of brain tumors and reflect amino acid transport, metabolism, and protein synthesis in vivo.A literature overview on the role of amino acid PET in glioma is provided in terms of diagnostic accuracy, grading, differentiation of tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis, radiotherapy planning, and prognosis.-
Key words:
- Glioma /
- Methionine /
- Tyrosine /
- Positron-emission tomography
-
[1] Rigau V, Zouaoui S, Mathieu-Daude H, et al. French brain tumor DataBase:5-Year histological results on 25756 cases[J]. Brain Pathology, 2011, 21(6):633-644. DOI:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011. 00491.x. [2] Kros JM.Grading of gliomas:the road from eminence to evidence[J].J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2011, 70(2):101-109. DOI:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31820681aa. [3] 任彦, 庞浩鹏, 狄宁宁, 等.脑胶质瘤体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像与T1动态对比增强磁共振成像相关性研究[J].肿瘤影像学, 2016, 25(3):223-232.
Ren Y, Pang HP, Di NN, et al. Correlative assessment of perfusion-related parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion with dynamic contrast; enhancement in MR imaging of gliomas[J]. Oncoradiology, 2016, 25(3):223-232.[4] Van Den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY, et al. End point assessment in gliomas:novel treatments limit usefulness of classical Macdonald's Criteria[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(18):2905-2908. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4998. [5] Reddy K, Westerly D, Chen C. MRI patterns of T1 enhancing radiation necrosis versus tumour recurrence in high-grade gliomas[J]. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2013, 57(3):349-355. DOI:10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02472.x. [6] Zitron IM, Kamson DO, Kiousis S, et al. In vivo metabolism of tryptophan in meningiomas is mediated by indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1[J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2013, 14:333-339. DOI:10.4161/cbt. 23624. [7] Van Waarde A, Elsinga PH.Proliferation markers for the differential diagnosis of tumor and inflammation[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2008, 14(31):3326-3339. doi: 10.2174/138161208786549399 [8] Nabors LB, Ammirati M, Bierman PJ, et al. Central nervous system cancers[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(9):1114-1151. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2013.0132 [9] Galldiks N, Kracht LW, Berthold F, et al. 11C-L-methionine positron emission tomography in the management of children and young adults with brain tumors[J]. J Neurooncol, 2010, 96(2):231-239. DOI:10.1007/s11060-009-9953-x. [10] 黄喆慜, 葛璟洁, 张慧玮, 等.基于11C-蛋氨酸PET显像的肿瘤代谢体积参数在脑胶质瘤诊断中的应用价值研究[J].肿瘤影像学, 2016, 25(3):252-256, 278.
Huang ZM, Ge JJ, Zhang HW, et al. Diagnostic value of volumebased parameters by 11C-methionine PET imaging in glioma patients[J]. Oncoradiology, 2016, 25(3):252-256, 278.[11] Santoni M, Nanni C, Bittoni A, et al. 11C-methionine positron emission tomography in the postoperative imaging and followup of patients with primary and recurrent gliomas[J/OL]. ISRN Oncol, 2014:463152[2017-01-12]. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2014/463152/. DOI:10.1155/2014/463152. [12] Yamane T, Sakamoto S, Senda M. Clinical impact of (11) C-methionine PET on expected management of patients with brain neoplasm[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010, 37(4):685-690. DOI:10.1007/s00259-009-1302-y. [13] Grosu AL, Astner ST, Riedel E, et al. An interindividual comparison of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-and L-[methyl-11C]methionine (Met)-PET in patients with brain gliomas and metastases[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2011, 81(4):1049-1058. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.002. [14] Dunet V, Rossier C, Buck A, et al. Performance of 18F-fluoro-ethyltyrosine (18F-FET) PET for the differential diagnosis of primary brain tumor:a systematic review and Metaanalysis[J]. J Nucl Med, 2012, 53(2):207-214. DOI:10.2967/jnumed.111.096859. [15] Leung D, Han X, Mikkelsen T, et al. Role of MRI in primary brain tumor evaluation[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2014, 12(11):1561-1568. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0156 [16] Ginsberg LE, Fuller GN, Hashmi M, et al. The significance of lack of MR contrast enhancement of supratentorial brain tumors in adults:histopathological evaluation of a series[J]. Surg Neurol, 1998, 49(4):436-440. doi: 10.1016/S0090-3019(97)00360-1 [17] Galldiks N, Kracht LW, Dunkl V, et al. Imaging of non-or very subtle contrast-enhancing malignant gliomas with 11C-methionine positron emission tomography[J]. Mol Imaging, 2011, 10(6):453-459. [18] Calcagni ML, Galli G, Giordano A, et al.Dynamic O-(2-[18F]fluoro-ethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-18 FET) PET for glioma grading:assessment of individual probability of malignancy[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2011, 36(10):841-847. DOI:10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182291b40. [19] Jansen NL, Graute V, Armbruster L, et al. MRI-suspected low-grade glioma:is there a need to perform dynamic FET PET?[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2012, 39(6):1021-1029. DOI:10.1007/s00259-012-2109-9. [20] Kunz M, Thon N, Eigenbrod S, et al. Hot spots in dynamic (18) FET-PET delineate malignant tumor parts within suspected WHO grade Ⅱ gliomas[J]. Neuro Oncol, 2011, 13(3):307-316. DOI:10.1093/neuonc/noq196. [21] Albert NL, Winkelmann I, Suchorska B, et al. Early static (18) F-FET-PET scans have a higher accuracy for glioma grading than the standard 20-40 min scans[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2016, 43(6):1105-1114. DOI:10.1007/s00259-015-3276-2. [22] Zhao S, Kuge Y, Yi M, et al. Dynamic 11C-methionine PET analysis has an additional value for differentiating malignant tumors from granulomas:an experimental study using small animal PET[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011, 38(10):1876-1886. DOI:10.1007/s00259-011-1865-2. [23] Jena A, Taneja S, Gambhir A, et al. Glioma recurrence versus radiation necrosis:Single-Session multiparametric approach using simultaneous O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine PET/MRI[J/OL]. Clin Nucl Med, 2016, 41(5):e228-236[2017-01-10]. https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=26859208. DOI:10.1097/RLU.0000000000001152. [24] Momose T, Nariai T, Kawabe T, et al. Clinical benefit of 11C methionine PET imaging as a planning modality for radiosurgery of previously irradiated recurrent brain metastases[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2014, 39(11):939-943. DOI:10.1097/RLU.0000000000000561. [25] Schinkelshoek M, Lopci E, Clerici E, et al. Impact of 11C-methio-nine positron emission tomography/computed tomography on radiation therapy planning and prognosis in patients with primary brain tumors[J]. Tumori, 2015, 100(6):636-644. DOI:10.1700/1778.19268. [26] Rieken S, Habermehl D, Giesel FL, et al. Analysis of FET-PET imaging for target volume definition in patients with gliomas treated with conformal radiotherapy[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2013, 109(3):487-492. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.043. [27] Niyazi M, Geisler J, Siefert A, et al. FET-PET for malignant glioma treatment planning[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2011, 99(1):44-48. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.03.001. [28] Piroth MD, Pinkawa M, Holy R, et al. Integrated boost IMRT with FET-PET adapted local dose escalation in glioblastomas. Results of a prospective phaseⅡ study[J]. Strahlenther Oncol, 2012, 188(4):334-349. DOI:10.1007/s00066-011-0060-5. [29] Smits A, Westerberg E, Ribom D.Adding 11C-methionine PET to the EORTC prognostic factors in grad e 2 gliomas[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008, 35(1):65-71. DOI:10.1007/s00259-007-0531-1. [30] Takano K, Kinoshita M, Arita H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of 11C-methionine PET for nonenhancing gliomas[J]. AJNR Am J Neutoradiol, 2015, 37(1):44-50. [31] Gempt J, Bette S, Ryang YM, et al. 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine positron emission tomography for grading and estimation of prognosis in patients with intracranial gliomas[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2015, 84(5):955-962. DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.01.022. [32] Jansen NL, Suchorska B, Wenter V, et al. Prognostic significance of dynamic 18F-FET PET in newly diagnosed astrocytic high-grade glioma[J]. J Nucl Med, 2015, 56(1):9-15. DOI:10.2967/jnumed.114.144675. [33] Juhász C, Muzik O, Chugani DC, et al. Differential kinetics of α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan on PET in low-grade brain tumors[J]. J Neurooncol, 2011, 102(3):409-415. DOI:10.1007/s11060-010-0327-1. [34] Kamson DO, Mittal S, Robinette NL, et al. Increased tryptophan uptake on PET has strong independent prognostic value in patients with a previously treated high-grade glioma[J]. Neuro Oncol, 2014, 16(10):1373-1383. DOI:10.1093/neuonc/nou042. [35] Karunanithi S, Sharma P, Kumar A, et al. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT for detection of recurrence in patients with glioma:prospective compa-rison with 18F-FDG PET/CT[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2013, 40(7):1025-1035.DOI:10.1007/s00259-013-2384-0. [36] Jacob MJ, Pandit AG, Jora C, et al.Comparative study of (18) F-DOPA, (13) N-Ammonia and F18-FDG PET/CT in primary brain tumors[J]. Indian J Nucl Med, 2011, 26(3):139-143. DOI:10.4103/0972-3919.103996. [37] Wardak M, Schiepers C, Cloughesy TF, et al. 18F-FLT and 18F-FDOPA PET kinetics in recurrent brain tumors[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2014, 41(6):1199-1209. DOI:10.1007/s00259-013-2678-2. [38] Eidelberg D, Takikawa S, Dhawan V, et al. Striatal 18F-dopa uptake:absence of an aging effect[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1993, 13(5):881-888. DOI:10.1038/jcbfm.1993.110. [39] Combs SE, Bruckner T, Mizoe JE, et al. Comparison of Carbon ion radiotherapy to photon radiation alone or in combination with temozolomide in patients with high 18F-grade gliomas:explorative hypothesis-generating retrospective analysis[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2013, 108(1):132-135. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.026. [40] 高艳, 赵晋华. PET/MRI融合显像在脑胶质瘤诊断和治疗中的研究进展[J].国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2015, 39(1):71-79. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn. 1673-4114.2015.01.015.
Gao Y, Zhao JH. The advancement of PET/MRI on the diagnosis and treatment of brain gliomas[J]. Int J Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2015, 39(1):71-79. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.015
计量
- 文章访问数: 4188
- HTML全文浏览量: 3235
- PDF下载量: 6