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miRNA是长19~23 bp的非编码单链小分子RNA,起着重要的基因调控作用。这些小分子RNA可特异性识别靶mRNA的3′非翻译区的部分互补的位点并与之结合,RNA诱导沉默复合物,引起靶mRNA的降解或翻译抑制,从而对基因进行转录后表达调控[1]。在极少数情况下,一些miRNA通过结合5′非翻译区或开放阅读框来调节其靶mRNA的翻译[2]。miRNAs参与调节许多重要的细胞生物学行为,包括细胞增殖、分化和凋亡,甚至在肿瘤的发生中发挥关键的作用。miRNA可以同时充当致癌基因和抑癌基因,进而参与肿瘤的进展。
前列腺癌是威胁男性健康的常见肿瘤之一,在欧美为仅次于肺癌的最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来,我国前列腺癌的发病率也呈逐年上升趋势。近几十年来,前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)已被作为前列腺癌的一个基于血液的生物标志物。但是前列腺特异性抗原缺乏特异性,不是最佳的生物标志物。因此,前列腺癌诊断需要新的特异性高的标志物。2007年,Porkka等[3]首次系统分析了miRNA在前列腺癌患者中的特异性表达,其通过抑制细胞凋亡促进前列腺癌的形成,miRNA表达谱在前列腺癌组织中和对照组织中的表达水平不同。因此,miRNA有望成为前列腺癌诊断、治疗及预后的重要靶点。本文主要综述miRNA与前列腺癌发生的关系,以及其作为前列腺癌生物标志物的潜在用途,通过对前列腺癌miRNA与辐射敏感性关系等方面的进一步研究,为前列腺癌的早期诊断、治疗及预后判断开辟一条新途径。
前列腺癌miRNA生物标志物及其与辐射敏感性的研究进展
Research progress in miRNA biomarkers of prostate cancer and radiosensitivity
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摘要: 前列腺癌是男性泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。miRNA是近年来发现的一类长度为19~23 bp核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,参与调节许多重要的细胞生物学行为,甚至在肿瘤的发生中发挥关键作用。前列腺癌基于血液miRNA生物标志物的研究不断涌现,但未发现特异性细胞外miRNA标志物。研究前列腺癌miRNA表达规律、作用机制,对深入探讨前列腺癌的发病机制、探索新的诊断和治疗途径意义重大。笔者主要综述针对健康人群、前列腺癌患者、转移性前列腺癌患者中不同miRNA丰度的不同,及前列腺癌miRNA对辐射敏感性的调节作用,试图探索miRNA作为前列腺癌生物标志物的线索。Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the male urinary system. miRNA is a newly discovered small non-coding RNA of 19-23bp nucleotides, which was involved in regulating many important biological functions, even play a key role in tumor development. The blood research has indicated miRNA in blood could be a biomarker for diagnosis of prostate cancer but did not find specific extracellular miRNA as a prostate cancer biomarkers. Investigate the expression and the action mechanism of miRNA of prostate cancer have a great meaning to further discuss the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, search for new diagnostic and therapeutic method. This review focuses on the different abundance of miRNA among healthy population, patients with prostate cancer, patients with metastatic prostate cancer and moderating effect of miRNA of prostate cancer on tumor radiosensitivity, try to explore the clues of miRNA as biological markers for prostate cancer.
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Key words:
- Prostatic neoplasms /
- MicroRNAs /
- Biological markers /
- Radiosensitivity
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