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皮质醇是主要的糖皮质类固醇,其重要的生理机能是升高血糖、抗炎和免疫抑制作用。检测患者血中皮质醇水平可用于诊断肾上腺、垂体和下丘脑机能是否紊乱。皮质醇水平增高多见于库欣综合征[1],降低多见于艾迪生病。临床上检测血清皮质醇多采用放射免疫(radioimmunoassay,RIA)法,但随着科技的进步,灵敏度高、特异性强为特征的电化学发光免疫(electrochemiluminescent immunoa-ssay,ECLIA)法得到较多的关注。ECLIA法自动化程度高、检测速度快,仅需18 min,且无放射性污染[2-3],在临床上得到越来越多的应用。而传统的RIA法因其具有放射性污染、试剂有效期短、操作繁杂等缺点已经被其他标记检测技术所取代,但在检测血清皮质醇水平方面仍然具有不可替代的作用。针对本院两种检测方法并存,临床医生在分析报告时出现的质疑,本研究使用ECLIA法和RIA法同时检测188例临床血清样本中皮质醇水平,并对两种检测方法的数据进行对比分析。
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ECLIA法和RIA法测定血清皮质醇水平的结果见表 1。由表 1可见,与正常参考值比较(ECLIA:171~536 nmol/L、RIA:193~690 nmol/L),低值样本组皮质醇水平降低,高值样本组皮质醇水平显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=-5.639、-10.537;P<0.05)。同时,本研究还对两种方法检测皮质醇水平进行了性能评价,ECLIA法的灵敏度为69.2%,特异度为90.9%;RIA法的灵敏度为62.4%,特异度为87.3%。研究结果显示,ECLIA法检测血清皮质醇水平的灵敏度和特异度均高于RIA法。
样本 患者组 健康体检组 ECLIA法 RIA法 ECLIA法 RIA法 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 正常值样本 306.27±108.19 41 351.02±123.07 50 292.75±114.83 50 371.08±93.91 48 低值样本 152.07±47.31 43 168.13±51.47 35 137.94±57.41 03 161.27±49.73 05 高值样本 698.17±92.94 49 762.46±100.12 48 657.01±76.29 02 714.65±57.23 02 注:表中,ECLIA:电化学发光免疫;RIA:放射免疫。 表 1 ECLIA法和RIA法测定188例血清样本的皮质醇水平(x±s)
Table 1. The level of serum cortisol detected by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay(x±s)
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采用ECLIA法和RIA法对低、中、高不同浓度质控标本行皮质醇水平测定,重复检测,由表 2可知,ECLIA法测定皮质醇水平在低、中、高不同浓度的CV值均低于RIA法。
质控样本 检测
次数ECLIA法 RIA法 批内CV 批间CV 批内CV 批间CV 低值(31.80 ng/mL) 10 4.78 6.71 6.14 7.91 中值(133.80 ng/mL) 10 3.25 6.93 4.87 9.62 高值(315.70 ng/mL) 10 4.91 7.81 5.09 8.35 注:表中,ECLIA:电化学发光免疫;RIA:放射免疫;CV:差异系数。 表 2 ECLIA法和RIA法测定的批内批间CV比较(%)
Table 2. The comparison with coefficient of variation of intra-batch and inter-assay between electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay(%)
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用ECLIA法和RIA法测定皮质醇水平的回收率。究结果显示,ECLIA法检测的回收率为98.45%~118.03%,RIA法检测回收率为94.59%~106.18%,二者回收率差异无统计学意义(皮质醇水平P>0.05)。
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对188例血清样本进行皮质醇水平检测,分析得出直线回归方程为y=0.23+0.03x,得出两种方法检测结果具有高度相关性(r=0.991,P<0.01)。
电化学发光免疫法与放射免疫法检测血清皮质醇的对比研究
Comparison of electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay for detection of cortisol in human serum
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摘要:
目的采用电化学发光免疫(ECLIA)法与放射免疫(RIA)法测定血清皮质醇水平,对其结果进行对比分析。 方法采用简单随机抽样法抽取我院健康体检者、门诊和住院患者共188例血清样本,利用ECLIA法和RIA法同时进行检测并进行统计学分析。将质控血清进行两两对比分析,计算两种方法批内、批间差异系数(CV),评价其精确性;将质控血清加入低、中、高(100.2、201.9、310.7 nmol/L)已知浓度的皮质醇血清中,测定回收率。对样本测定结果的相关性作回归性分析。 结果ECLIA法检测血清皮质醇表达水平的灵敏度和特异度均高于RIA法。ECLIA法检测的批内与批间CV均低于RIA法,但两种方法回收率相当。两种方法检测结果具有高度相关性(r=0.991,P < 0.01)。 结论在检测血清皮质醇水平上,两种方法各有优势,ECLIA法自动化程度高,RIA法技术成熟、价格低廉。随着技术的发展,ECLIA法要更具优势,但ECLIA法在检测皮质醇方面是否可以完全替代RIA法,还有待进一步的探讨。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the difference between electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the detection of serum cortisol. MethodsA total of 188 patients were selected from healthy outpatients and inpatients. The serum cortisol of the patients and quality control serum cortisol were detected by ECLIA and RIA. The detection accuracy of the methods in the two batches and the coefficient of variation (CV) of within-batch and between-batch were calculated. To evaluate the precision of the test, quality control serum was added to low, medium, and high concentrations of serum cortisol for the evaluation of recovery rate and detection accuracy. The correlation between results was analyzed by regression. ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the ECLIA method was higher than those of the RIA method. The CV of the ECLIA method was also lower than that of the RIA method, and the recovery rate of the ECLIA method was higher than that of the RIA method. The two methods showed good correlation and highly correlated results (r=0.991, P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe two methods have their own advantages in the detection of serum cortisol. The degree of automation of ECLIA is high, whereas the RIA method is mature and inexpensive. Although ECLIA is the current and future development trend, RIA retains a certain advantage in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The two methods provide different reference intervals. RIA remains an indispensable method for clinical cortisol testing. -
Key words:
- Cortisol /
- Radioimmunoassay /
- Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
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表 1 ECLIA法和RIA法测定188例血清样本的皮质醇水平(x±s)
Table 1. The level of serum cortisol detected by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay(x±s)
样本 患者组 健康体检组 ECLIA法 RIA法 ECLIA法 RIA法 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 x±s 例数 正常值样本 306.27±108.19 41 351.02±123.07 50 292.75±114.83 50 371.08±93.91 48 低值样本 152.07±47.31 43 168.13±51.47 35 137.94±57.41 03 161.27±49.73 05 高值样本 698.17±92.94 49 762.46±100.12 48 657.01±76.29 02 714.65±57.23 02 注:表中,ECLIA:电化学发光免疫;RIA:放射免疫。 表 2 ECLIA法和RIA法测定的批内批间CV比较(%)
Table 2. The comparison with coefficient of variation of intra-batch and inter-assay between electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay(%)
质控样本 检测
次数ECLIA法 RIA法 批内CV 批间CV 批内CV 批间CV 低值(31.80 ng/mL) 10 4.78 6.71 6.14 7.91 中值(133.80 ng/mL) 10 3.25 6.93 4.87 9.62 高值(315.70 ng/mL) 10 4.91 7.81 5.09 8.35 注:表中,ECLIA:电化学发光免疫;RIA:放射免疫;CV:差异系数。 -
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