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目前,心肌灌注显像(myocardial perfusion imaging,MPI)使用的SPECT主要有3种探头:基于Anger型γ照相机的SPECT探头,基于晶体和光电倍增管(photomultiplier tube,PMT)基础上的数字化技术SPECT探头(常用),基于半导体探测器成像技术的SPECT探头。常用的传统SPECT由平行孔准直器、晶体和PMT组成,但随着影像技术的不断发展,它已经不能满足我们对降低辐射剂量、提高图像质量和成像速度、以及定量分析的需求。IQ·SPECT在传统NaI晶体探测器的基础上改进了准直器,使用SMART-ROOM锥形孔准直器,以心脏为焦点的采集模式,主要提高了灵敏度[1];碲锌镉(Cadmium Zinc Telluride,CZT)探测器SPECT则基于半导体探测器成像技术。目前市场上主要有两种CZT探测器:Spectrum Dynamics D-SPECT与GE公司的Health Discovery NM系列(DNM)。CZT半导体探测器与传统NaI晶体探测器相比,有效地提高了空间分辨率、能量分辨率、灵敏度并可进行无创定量心肌血流分析[2]。IQ·SPECT与CZT探测器SPECT均可缩短采集时间、减少显像剂注射剂量、降低辐射剂量,在心脏核医学技术应用上取得了新进展。
IQ·SPECT、碲锌镉探测器SPECT和传统SPECT在心肌灌注显像中的应用分析
IQ·SPECT, Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride SPECT, and conventional SPECT application in myocardial perfusion imaging
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摘要: IQ·SPECT与碲锌镉(CZT)探测器SPECT是心肌灌注显像新技术,与传统SPECT相比,具有灵敏度和空间分辨率高、采集时间短、注射显像剂剂量少及辐射剂量低等优点。与传统SPECT不同(低能高分辨率平行孔准直器),IQ·SPECT使用SMART-ROOM准直器及心脏为焦点的采集模式,提高了灵敏度;CZT探测器SPECT的探测器为半导体,取代了传统NaI晶体探测器,提高了能量分辨率、空间分辨率、灵敏度及信噪比等,并可定量分析心肌血流储备。笔者主要对三者的成像原理、性能参数及临床应用进行综述。
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关键词:
- 体层摄影术, 发射型计算机, 单光子 /
- 心肌灌注显像
Abstract: Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride(CZT) SPECT and IQ·SPECT are new technologies used in myocardial perfusion imaging and are important in the development of nuclear cardiology. These technologies exhibit higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, shorter acquisition time, and lower injection and radiation doses than conventional SPECT. In contrast to the conventional SPECT system equipped with standard low-energy high-resolution collimators, IQ·SPECT adopts SMART-ROOM collimators and cardiac-centric acquisition to improve detection sensitivity. The detectors of CZT SPECT consist of semiconductor materials, instead of conventional sodium iodide(NaI) crystals, to improve energy resolution, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. These detectors can also quantitatively analyze myocardial flow reserve. This paper reviews the imaging principle, performance parameters, and clinical application of three SPECT systems. -
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