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甲状腺癌是一种常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤,仅占全身恶性肿瘤的1%。其临床检出率和发病率均呈逐年增高的趋势,虽然病死率未见增加,但其绝对死亡人数却明显上升。甲状腺癌的预后与其分型、治疗方法均密切相关,分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)约占所有甲状腺癌的90%,大部分治疗后预后良好,但仍有少部分预后较差。因此,为了提升治疗疗效,改善预后,延伸出不同途径的治疗方法,现对近年来DTC的治疗进展做一综述。
分化型甲状腺癌的治疗进展
Advances in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer
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摘要: 分化型甲状腺癌作为一种常见的低恶性肿瘤,通过“外科手术+131I治疗+甲状腺激素抑制治疗”三部曲的规范化治疗方案取得了良好的治疗效果。但部分治疗效果差的分化型甲状腺癌逐渐转化为低分化或失分化的难治性甲状腺癌,只能通过增敏和(或)再分化治疗来增加甲状腺癌细胞摄取131I的能力,以期提高131I治疗甲状腺癌的效果。对上述治疗手段无效的难治性甲状腺癌,靶向药物治疗技术的出现为其提供了广阔的治疗前景。笔者对使用增敏剂、再分化诱导剂和靶向药物治疗技术来提高分化型甲状腺癌治疗效果的研究进展进行了综述。Abstract: Differentiated thyroid cancers(DTC) are generally considered low-risk malignant tumors. Radioiodine ablation following thyroidectomy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy are standard treatment in patients with metastatic DTC. Patients with DTC obtain many benefits from a three-step therapy schedule(i.e., thyroidectomy+radioiodine ablation+thyroid hormone). A proportion of patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease and poorly differentiated or dedifferentiated thyroid cancer become refractory to radioactive 131I therapy. After sensitizer and/or redifferentiation inducer treatment, thyroid cancer cells in patients with refractory thyroid cancer increase 131I uptake and the effects of 131I treatment are improved for patients with refractory thyroid cancer. The emergence of targeted drug treatment technology provides a broad prospect for thyroid cancer refractory to 131I therapy. Progress in the areas of sensitizers, redifferentiation inducers, and targeted drug treatment techniques for treating thyroid cancer refractory to 131I therapy is discussed in this review.
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