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外泌体(exosomes)是一种由细胞产生并分泌到细胞外的囊泡结构,属于胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles)。目前认为,外泌体的直径范围为30~100 nm,蔗糖密度范围为1.13~1.19 g/mL,在透射电镜下观察呈杯状(cup-shaped)外形,在生化结构分析上,外泌体是由蛋白质、脂质和核酸组成的复合体[1]。研究表明,外泌体能够被大多数细胞包括肿瘤细胞所分泌[2],在细胞间的通讯交流过程中发挥着重要作用[3]。在肿瘤放射治疗中,外泌体作为“信使”同样介导参与了多种生物学过程,从而影响了放射治疗的最终效果。笔者现就辐射诱导的肿瘤外泌体的生物学效应及其研究进展综述如下。
电离辐射诱导的外泌体的生物学效应
Biological effects of radiation-induced exosomes
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摘要: 外泌体是一种在细胞内形成并主动释放到胞外的囊泡体,内含有大量蛋白质、脂质和非编码RNA等生物活性分子,可参与细胞间的通讯来调节多种重要的生理病理过程。研究发现辐射诱导的外泌体能够辅助肿瘤与微环境的相互交流。笔者在该文中集中讨论了辐射诱导的外泌体在肿瘤放疗过程中的生物学效应,重点关注其在肿瘤血管新生中的作用,并就这些方面的研究进展进行综述。Abstract: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released from normal and tumor cells. These vesicles contain proteins, lipids, and noncoding RNAs, and can mediate intercellular communication among different cell types in the body, thus affecting physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence indicates that radiation-induced exosomes facilitates the interaction between a tumor and its microenvironment. This article reviewed the biological effects of radiation-induced exosomes on tumor radiotherapy and discussed the role of such exosomes in tumor angiogenesis.
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Key words:
- Radiation, ionizing /
- Neoplasms /
- Exosomes /
- Biological effectiveness
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