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放疗是盆腔肿瘤综合治疗的重要组成部分[1],在过去的几十年里,放疗被公认为是治疗某些肿瘤最好和使用最广泛的治疗方式之一[2]。盆腔放疗时除靶区外,周围正常组织(包括肠道、泌尿道、女性生殖器官、骨、皮肤等)也会受到不同程度的照射而发生放射性损伤。世界上每年有高达V50万的患者接受腹、盆部放疗,约80%的患者会出现急性肠道症状,其中5%~10%的患者在放疗后10年内将会出现严重的肠道并发症[3]。有文献报道,放疗后约有20%~25%的患者会出现生活质量下降[4]。盆腔放射病(pelvic radiation disease,PRD)是盆腔内肿瘤放疗所致的非癌性组织的病变,病程长短不一,病情轻重不等[5]。近年来随着肿瘤患者生存期的延长,PRD的发病率正在上升,每年诊断为PRD的患者数已经超多了克罗恩病[6]。一旦发生PRD,治疗会很棘手,放疗可能会因此而中断或延迟,甚至会威胁到患者的生命。如果能及早进行干预,采取一定的预防措施,大多数患者将会从中获益。
盆腔放射病的预防进展
Progress in prevention of pelvic radiation disease
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摘要: 盆腔恶性肿瘤是最常见的肿瘤之一,放疗是盆腔恶性肿瘤综合治疗的重要组成部分。放疗在提高肿瘤控制率的同时,也会对周围正常组织造成损伤。盆腔放射病(PRD)是盆腔恶性肿瘤放疗后出现的最主要的并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。如果能够及早进行干预,采取一定的预防措施降低PRD的发生率,患者将会从中获益。笔者将结合国内外相关文献,就PRD的相关预防措施进行综述。Abstract: Pelvic cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and radiotherapy is frequently conducted as a part of tumor comprehensive treatment. Radiotherapy can improve tumor control rate but can also damage surrounding normal tissue. Pelvic radiation disease is the most common complication that results from radiotherapy to a tumor of pelvic origin, thereby seriously affecting the quality of life of a patient. If early intervention can be achieved, the patient will benefit by reducing the incidence of the disease. This article reviews domestic and foreign literature on the prevention of pelvic radiation disease.
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Key words:
- Pelvic neoplasms /
- Radiotherapy /
- Radiation injuries /
- Prevention
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