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甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其中分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)约占92%,且其发病率在世界范围内逐年上升[1-2]。目前,全切或次全切手术+术后选择性131I治疗+ TSH抑制治疗是国际上公认的DTC治疗方案[3],可明显降低DTC的复发率和病死率。131I治疗主要包括3个方面:清甲治疗、辅助治疗和清灶治疗,其中,清甲治疗是指采用131I清除术后残留的甲状腺组织。
清甲治疗的剂量一般给予131I 1.1~3.7 GBq,而多中心临床研究显示,对于非高危DTC患者术后使用1.11 GBq(30 mCi)和3.70 GBq(100 mCi)进行清甲治疗,两者疗效并无显著差异[4-5],但此结果仍存争议。本研究主要探讨非高危DTC患者术后给予131I剂量为1.11 GBq和3.70 GBq清甲治疗的疗效差异,从而指导临床非高危DTC患者清甲治疗的131I剂量选择。
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对2014年1月4日至2016年7月1日在我院进行清甲治疗的63例非高危DTC患者进行回顾性分析,其中男性13例、女性50例,平均年龄(45.3±12.7)岁。全部患者均行双侧甲状腺全切或次全切术,术后病理结果证实均为低危或中危(即非高危)DTC,术后均行131I清甲治疗,剂量为1.11 GBq或3.70 GBq。131I治疗4~6个月后,均在TSH刺激状态下行血清甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)及抗Tg抗体测定、全身碘扫描和颈部超声检查,所有患者的基本特征详见表 1。所有患者均于治疗前签署了知情同意书。
临床特征 例数 性别 男 13 女 50 年龄/岁 < 45 27 ≥45 36 首次手术距清甲时间/d 25~60 43 60~90 15 >90 5 24 h摄碘率 < 10% 58 10%~20% 3 20%~30% 2 血清TSH水平/(mU/L) 30~70 17 70~100 14 >100 32 清甲剂量/GBq 1.11 27 3.70 36 表 1 63例非高危分化型甲状腺癌患者的基本特征
Table 1. The basic characteristics of the 63 non-high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
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患者131I清甲治疗前停服左旋甲状腺素(levothyrocine,L-T4)3~4周(术后3~4周不服L-T4直接行131I治疗或补充L-T4后再停药3~4周),期间低碘饮食(< 50 μg/d),避免应用含碘造影剂和药物(如胺碘酮等)。
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在停服L-T4后3~4周,患者清晨空腹采集静脉血,使用电化学发光免疫分析仪(Cobase411,德国罗氏)、采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测TSH,所用试剂盒由德国罗氏诊断股份有限公司生产。
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患者清晨空腹口服碘[131I]化钠溶液74~185 kBq(2~5 μCi),另取等量的碘[131I]化钠溶液放入颈部模型中作为标准源。于服药后2、4和24 h分别测量甲状腺部位、标准源以及本底的计数率,使用仪器为甲状腺功能测定仪(SN-6200,上海核所日环光电仪器有限公司)。正常参考值范围分别为2 h:7%~15%、4 h:12%~25%、24 h:20%~35%。当甲状腺24 h摄碘率 > 30%时,为避免或减轻服碘后的不良反应,131I的用量可适量减少[6]。
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患者禁食禁水2~6 h后口服碘[131I]化钠溶液,服用后2 h方可进食。本研究纳入的63例非高危DTC患者中,27例患者给予1.11 GBq(30 mCi)、36例患者给予3.70 GBq(100 mCi)的131I清甲治疗。5~6 d后使用SPECT/CT仪(Symbia T16,德国西门子公司)行后前位、前后位扫描,并且联合颈、胸部断层融合显像。
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131I清甲治疗后4~6个月停服甲状腺素药物,低碘饮食,避免含碘食物及使用造影剂,空腹口服诊断剂量碘[131I]化钠溶液111~185 MBq(3~5 mCi),48 h后行131I全身显像+断层融合显像。同时采集患者清晨空腹静脉血,采用电化学免疫发光法测定Tg。甲状腺床无放射性浓聚或刺激性Tg < 1 μg/L,且抗Tg抗体阴性,则认为清甲成功[7]。
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采用SPSS17.0软件进行数据分析,计量资料以x±s表示。多因素分析采用Binary Logistic回归分析,统计非高危DTC患者年龄、首次手术距清甲的时间间隔、甲状腺24 h摄碘率、清甲前血清TSH水平及清甲剂量对清甲疗效的影响;Pearson χ2检验评价低剂量(1.11 GBq)和高剂量(3.70 GBq)131I清甲成功率的差异,P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
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63例非高危DTC患者中,清甲成功者46例,清甲总成功率为73.02%(46/63)。Binary Logistic回归分析表明,清甲剂量是影响非高危DTC患者131I清甲成功的最重要因素(Wald=6.42,P=0.011),具体数据见表 2。
影响因素 B S.E Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 患者年龄 -0.017 0.028 0.392 1 0.531 0.983 血清TSH水平 0.008 0.016 0.212 1 0.645 1.008 甲状腺24 h摄碘率 1.623 6.746 0.058 1 0.810 5.067 首次手术距清甲的时间间隔 -0.006 0.008 0.729 1 0.393 0.994 清甲剂量 0.027 0.011 6.420 1 0.011 1.027 注:表中,B:回归系数;S.E:回归系数的标准误;Wald、df、Sig.:回归系数的Wald χ2检验;Exp(B):优势比(OR)值。 表 2 影响清甲成功率因素的Binary Logistic回归分析结果
Table 2. The results of binary logistic regression analysis about the factors for the efficacy of ablation
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在27例给予低剂量131I清甲治疗的患者中,清甲成功者15例(55.56%,15/27)、清甲未成功者12例(44.44 %,12/27);在36例给予高剂量131I清甲治疗的患者中,清甲成功者31例(86.11%,31/36)、未成功者5例(13.89%,5/36)。高、低两种不同剂量131I清甲成功率的差异采用Pearson χ2检验,χ2 =7.311,P=0.007,差异具有统计学意义。
非高危分化型甲状腺癌低剂量和高剂量131I清甲疗效的分析
Ablation efficacy in non-high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with low-dose and high-dose 131I
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摘要:
目的 研究应用低剂量(1.11 GBq)和高剂量(3.70 GBq)放射性131I清除非高危分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后残留甲状腺组织的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析行131I清甲治疗的63例非高危DTC患者的临床资料,采用Binary Logistic回归分析年龄、首次手术距清甲的时间间隔、甲状腺24 h摄碘率、血清TSH水平和清甲剂量对清甲疗效的影响;27例患者给予低剂量、36例患者给予高剂量的131I清甲治疗,采用Pearsonχ2检验分析低剂量和高剂量131I清甲疗效的差异,P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果 63例非高危DTC患者中,清甲成功者46例(73.02%,46/63)、未成功者17例(26.98%,17/63);Binary Logistic回归分析显示,131I清甲剂量是清甲成功与否的主要影响因素(Wald=6.42,P=0.011);27例给予低剂量131I清甲患者中有15例清甲成功,36例给予高剂量131I清甲者中31例清甲成功,Pearsonχ2检验结果表明,高剂量131I清甲成功率(86.11%,31/36)明显高于低剂量(55.56%,15/27)(χ2=7.311,P=0.007)。 结论 在临床实践中,当残余甲状腺组织较少时,对于非高危DTC患者可考虑采用高剂量131I清甲治疗,提高一次清甲成功率。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose(1.11 GBq) and high-dose(3.70 GBq) radioactive 131I on residual thyroid tissues in patients after a non-high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) resection. Methods Clinical data of a total of 63 patients with non-high-risk DTC who had experienced 131I therapy were analyzed retrospectively. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of age, interval from initial resection to initial 131I ablation, rate of thyroid iodine uptake for 24 h, serum TSH level, and 131I dose on efficacy of thyroid remnant ablation. Out of 63 patients, 27 were given low doses while 36 patients were given high doses of 131I therapy. Pearson's chi-square test was used to differentiate the efficacy of low-dose and high-dose 131I on residual thyroid tissues. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among the 63 non-high-risk DTC patients, 46 patients achieved successful thyroid remnant ablation(73.02%, 46/63) but 17 failed(26.98%, 17/63). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the ablation dose of 131I was the main factor for the efficacy of ablation(Wald=6.42, P=0.011). Among the 27 patients who had low doses of 131I therapy, 15 achieved effective thyroid remnant ablation. However, 31 patients achieved effective thyroid remnant ablation after high doses of 131I therapy among 36 patients. Pearson's chi-square test revealed that the ablation efficacy in patients with high-dose 131I(86.11%, 31/36) was higher than those with low-dose 131I(55.56%, 15/27)(χ2=7.311, P=0.007). Conclusion In clinical practice, high-dose 131I on residual thyroid tissues should be considered for patients after non-high-risk DTC resection to improve the efficacy of 131I ablation at first dose when the volume of thyroid remnant tissues is low. -
表 1 63例非高危分化型甲状腺癌患者的基本特征
Table 1. The basic characteristics of the 63 non-high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
临床特征 例数 性别 男 13 女 50 年龄/岁 < 45 27 ≥45 36 首次手术距清甲时间/d 25~60 43 60~90 15 >90 5 24 h摄碘率 < 10% 58 10%~20% 3 20%~30% 2 血清TSH水平/(mU/L) 30~70 17 70~100 14 >100 32 清甲剂量/GBq 1.11 27 3.70 36 表 2 影响清甲成功率因素的Binary Logistic回归分析结果
Table 2. The results of binary logistic regression analysis about the factors for the efficacy of ablation
影响因素 B S.E Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 患者年龄 -0.017 0.028 0.392 1 0.531 0.983 血清TSH水平 0.008 0.016 0.212 1 0.645 1.008 甲状腺24 h摄碘率 1.623 6.746 0.058 1 0.810 5.067 首次手术距清甲的时间间隔 -0.006 0.008 0.729 1 0.393 0.994 清甲剂量 0.027 0.011 6.420 1 0.011 1.027 注:表中,B:回归系数;S.E:回归系数的标准误;Wald、df、Sig.:回归系数的Wald χ2检验;Exp(B):优势比(OR)值。 -
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