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甲状腺发育异常引起的先天性甲状腺功能减退症是一种最为普遍且严重的先天性甲状腺功能减退症,每4000名新生儿中约有1人发病[1-2]。甲状腺发育异常可能是由于甲状腺组织的完全缺失,也可能是由于甲状腺原基由原始位置向喉前甲状腺床迁移的失败[3-4],从而导致无甲状腺或异位甲状腺。其中,较为常见的是异位甲状腺,75%的先天性甲状腺功能减退症患者患有异位甲状腺,其在新生儿中的发病率约为1/5700[2]。单异位甲状腺最为常见,舌根部是最普遍的异位部位,约占所有异位部位的90%[5]。相比之下,双异位甲状腺则较为罕见,到目前为止,在英文文献中仅报道过42例[5-27]。本文主要对异位甲状腺的发生机制、好发部位、诊断及治疗方法进行综述,为该疾病的诊断和治疗进一步提供依据。
异位甲状腺发病机理、诊断与治疗的研究进展
Progress of pathogenisis, diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid
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摘要: 目前,异位甲状腺的确切发病机制尚不明了,但异位甲状腺的诊断及治疗方法则较为明确,甲状腺静态显像是诊断异位甲状腺的金标准。笔者主要对异位甲状腺的发生机制、好发部位、诊断及治疗方法进行综述,为该疾病的诊断和治疗进一步提供依据。Abstract: At present, the exact pathogenesis of the ectopic thyroid is still unknown, but the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid have been established. Thyroid static imaging is the gold standard for the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid. This article reviewed the progress of pathogenisis, most often occurring location, diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid and try to provide more evidence for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Key words:
- Hypothyroidism /
- Ectopic thyroid /
- Thyroid static imaging
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