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帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是一种慢性、神经系统退行性疾病,在中老年人中的发病率仅次于阿尔茨海默病。其主要临床表现为言语障碍、动作迟缓、手脚或身体其他部位震颤、肌强直等,病理特征为黑质纹状体区多巴胺神经元细胞凋亡及Lewy小体形成。随着人们生活水平提高及人口老龄化,PD发病率也呈逐年上升的趋势[1]。很多研究者认为PD是由多个因素导致的综合性疾病,这些因素包括环境污染,如1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶、除草剂等化学品的使用;遗传因素,如Parkin、PINK1(PTEN induced putative kinase 1)等基因突变;还有线粒体功能缺陷、细胞凋亡、生活方式及年龄等因素[2-4]。
目前,临床上常规的MRI、超声、CT等影像学手段均不能高效、明确地区别PD与其他症状相似的疾病,同时在鉴别正常人与PD患者时不能提供足够的诊断信息。临床上用于评估PD严重程度的方法主要有Hoehn-Yahr分级和PD综合量表评分,但因受患者个体差异、医师等多种主观及客观因素的影响,其评定结果缺乏相对客观的可比性而致误诊率较高[5]。11C-甲基-N-2β-甲基酯-3β-(4-氟-苯基)托烷(11C-methyl-N-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropanel,11C-β-CFT)PET显像可以准确、定量地反映PD的严重程度,客观地对脑功能进行显像,是反映多巴胺能神经元功能障碍的最佳指标。而且,11C-β-CFT PET显像是一种无创伤、相对安全的核医学检查方法,Huang等[6]对11C-β-CFT PET显像的辐射剂量进行了估算,辐射吸收剂量较高的组织器官依次为膀胱、脾、胰腺、肾和胃。显像剂11C-β-CFT潜在的辐射风险均在可接受范围内,在人体内的辐射分布良好,受检者一年可以接受多次PET检查。
多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂11C-β-CFT在帕金森病中的应用研究
Review of the use of dopamine transporter imaging agent 11C-β-CFT for diagnosing Parkinson disease
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摘要: 帕金森病(PD)是全球第二大最常见的神经退行性疾病, 与患者年龄、激素水平、生活习惯及基因遗传等相关因素密切相关, 且与大脑多巴胺能神经元的结构和功能差异有关。常规的影像学检查在PD的早期发现、预后评估、术前分级等方面存在一些不足。11C-甲基-N-2β-甲基酯-3β-(4-氟-苯基)托烷(11C-β-CFT)是一种多巴胺转运蛋白正电子显像剂, 与多巴胺转运体的结合具有高度特异性, 同时受患者治疗药物因素的干扰较小, 是一种良好的临床诊断类的显像剂。目前, 11C-β-CFT已应用于人类神经病学方面疾病的研究, 如精神分裂症、PD等, 11C-β-CFT PET显像可以评价疾病病理、生理过程, 便于临床诊断及监测疾病治疗效果等。笔者就近年来11C-β-CFT PET显像在PD中的应用作一综述。
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关键词:
- 帕金森病 /
- 放射性药物 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 多巴胺转运蛋白 /
- 11C-β-CFT
Abstract: Parkinson disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is known to be associated with age, hormonal imbalance, lifestyle exposures, and genetic factors, as well as the differences between the structure and function of the dopaminergic neurons of the brain. Conventional imaging methods exhibit certain limitations in the early detection, prognostic evaluation, and preoperative grading of PD among patients. 11C-methyl-N-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropanel(11C-β-CFT) possesses a high affinity for dopamine transporters(DAT) and rarely interferes with anti-Parkinsonism drugs; therefore, 11C-β-CFT is a favorable PET imaging agent for DAT. 11C-β-CFT is widely used as an imaging agent for the diagnosis of human neurological diseases, including schizophrenia and PD. PET imaging with 11C-β-CFT can assist in evaluating physiological and pathophysiological processes, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic effects. This review summarizes the current applications of 11C-β-CFT PET in PD diagnosis. -
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