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盆底痉挛综合征(spastic pelvic floor syndrome,SPFS)的患者用力排粪时,盆底肌肉收缩不协调,从而导致不协调性排粪困难[1-2]。女性患者因盆腔生理解剖结构复杂,除表现为耻骨直肠肌相对肥厚、力排状态下肛直角减小外,常伴有多盆腔器官脱垂[3]。目前,动态MRI已在女性SPFS的评估中得到广泛应用,但对于合并疾病的诊断存在一定的假阴性,影响了术前评估及术后疗效评价的准确性。本研究旨在探讨直肠内注入模拟粪便的盆底动态MRI在女性SPFS患者影像学评估中的诊断优势。
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利用直肠内模拟粪便注入后的动态MRI检查发现,53例SPFS患者均表现为耻骨直肠肌痉挛性反向收缩,其中24例[年龄27~78岁,平均年龄(55.2±12.4)岁]伴发多盆腔器官脱垂,包括11例直肠前膨出,3例膀胱脱垂、子宫颈或阴道穹窿脱垂、会阴体下降并直肠前膨出,2例膀胱脱垂、子宫颈或阴道穹窿脱垂并会阴体下降,2例膀胱脱垂,2例膀胱脱垂并直肠前膨出,1例膀胱脱垂、子宫颈或阴道穹窿脱垂并直肠前膨出,1例膀胱脱垂并子宫颈或阴道穹窿脱垂,1例直肠前膨出并会阴体下降,1例膀胱脱垂并会阴体下降;另外29例为单纯SPFS患者[年龄14~76岁,平均年龄(50.7±18.1)岁],未合并其他盆腔脏器脱垂。
利用盆底动态MRI技术观察比较SPFS患者直肠内模拟粪便注入前、后力排相的肛直角变化,结果见图 1。资料进行配对χ2检验,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.603,P=0.219)(表 1)。相比直肠内模拟粪便注入后的盆底动态MRI,未注入的力排相分别有18.0%(9/50)膀胱脱垂、6.1%(3/49)子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂、32.7%(17/52)直肠前膨出及14.6%(7/48)会阴体下降诊断为阴性。利用盆底动态MRI技术观察比较直肠内模拟粪便注入前、后力排相的会阴体下降、膀胱脱垂、子宫颈或阴道穹窿脱垂、直肠前膨出程度,结果见图 2、图 3。资料进行定性资料配对秩和检验,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.646、-2.714、-2.449、-3.947,P=0.008、0.000、0.007、0.014)(表 2~表 5)。
图 1 盆底痉挛患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像 患者女性, 73岁, 排便困难40年, 需药物辅助排便。图中,A:未注入球囊前静息相,肛直角为130º(白色箭头所示)B:未注入球囊前力排相袁肛直角为120º(白色箭头所示); C:注入球囊后静息相, 肛直角为125º(白色箭头所示); D:注入球囊后力排相, 袁肛直角为107º(白色箭头所示);ARA; 肛直角。
Figure 1. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome while straining
注入球囊前 注入球囊后 合计 X2值 P值 肛直角 肛直角 增大 减小或不变 肛直角增大 6 5 11 0.603 0.219 肛直角减小或不变 1 41 42 合计 7 46 53 表 1 注入球囊前,后肛直角变化(例)
Table 1. Anorectal angle before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
图 2 盆底痉挛合并多盆腔脏器脱垂患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像患者女性,55岁,排便困难15个月,伴阴部神经痛。图中,A:未注入球囊前力排相,各个脏器均位于耻尾线以上;B:注入球囊后力排相,直肠前壁膨出(白色箭头所示),子宫颈及膀胱颈位于耻尾线上方;C:注入球囊后力排相,直肠内球囊排出后,子宫颈脱垂(白色箭头所示),膀胱颈脱垂(白色箭头所示)。
Figure 2. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome associated with multiple pelvic compartment abnormalities while straining
图 3 盆底痉挛合并多盆腔脏器脱垂患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像患者女性,43岁,排便困难6个月,便后坠胀感。图中,A:未注入球囊前力排相,子宫颈轻度脱垂(黑色箭头所示),膀胱轻度脱垂(白色箭头所示);B:注入球囊后力排相,直肠前壁膨出(白色短箭头所示),子宫颈脱垂(黑色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约2.1 cm,膀胱颈脱垂(白色长箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.1 cm;C:注入球囊后力排相,直肠内球囊排出后,子宫颈脱垂(黑色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.8 cm,膀胱颈脱垂(白色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.6 cm。
Figure 3. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome associated with multiple pelvic compartment abnormalities while straining
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 41 0 0 -2.714 0.007 轻度 9 1 0 中重度 0 2 0 表 2 注入球囊前、后膀胱脱垂情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 2. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for cystocele before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 35 0 0 -3.947 0.000 轻度 13 0 0 中度 4 1 0 表 3 注入球囊前、后子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 3. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for vaginal or cervical prolapse before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 35 0 0 -3.947 0.000 轻度 13 0 0 中度 4 1 0 表 4 注入球囊前、后直肠前膨出程度及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 4. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for rectocele before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 阳性 阴性 46 0 -2.646 0.008 阳性 7 0 表 5 注入球囊前、后会阴体下降情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 5. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for descending perineum before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
直肠内注入模拟粪便的动态MRI对女性盆底痉挛综合征的诊断价值
Value of dynamic MRI with rectum injection in the diagnosis of female spastic pelvic floor syndrome
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摘要:
目的 利用动态MRI研究直肠内模拟粪便注入前、后女性盆底痉挛综合征(SPFS)患者的肛直肠形态、功能性病变, 并对多盆腔器官脱垂进行评价, 明确注入球囊后的动态MRI在SPFS患者中的诊断优势。 方法 对53例临床诊断为SPFS的女性患者行动态MRI检查, 使用自行设计高顺应性球囊模拟大便, 测量患者直肠内球囊注入前、后力排相盆底的相关数据。 结果 盆底动态MRI结果显示, 53例女性SPFS患者中, 伴发多盆腔器官脱垂者24例。直肠内造影剂注入前、后力排相的肛直角变化, 差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.603, P > 0.05);相比直肠内模拟粪便注入后的盆底动态MRI, 未注入的力排相分别有18.0%(9/50)膀胱脱垂、6.1%(3/49)子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂、32.7%(17/52)直肠前膨出及14.6%(7/48)会阴体下降诊断为阴性。直肠内模拟粪便注入前、后力排相观察多盆腔器官脱垂变化, 差异均有明显统计学意义。 结论 直肠内注入模拟粪便的盆底动态MRI为女性SPFS患者提供了更全面的诊断, 为术前正确诊断盆腔多部位缺陷及术后正确评价治疗效果提供了客观依据。 Abstract:Objective Dynamic MRI with rectum injectionis employed to assess female spastic pelvic floor syndrome of anorectal morphology and function in relation to various pelvic compartment abnormalitiesin female outlet obstruction constipation. Methods Dynamic MRI was performed in 53 female patients(14-78 years of age, with a mean age of 52.7±15.8 years)with clinical diagnosis of spastic pelvic floor syndrome.The homemade highly conformable sacculus was inserted into the rectum to simulate stool. The relevant measurements were then obtained during straining before and after rectum injection. Results Among the 53 female patients with spastic pelvic floor syndrome, 24 patients(45.3%) have multifocal disorders involving more than one compartment.The difference in the anorectal angles before and after rectum injection was not significant(χ2=0.603, P > 0.05). Differences in the cystocele, vaginal or cervical prolapse, rectocele, and descending perineum before and after rectum injection were significant. Conclusion Using dynamic MRI with rectum injection allows for the accurate evaluation of the anorectal morphology and function related to various pelvic compartment abnormalitiesin female spastic pelvic floor syndrome; thus, this method is proved valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of female spastic pelvic floor syndrome. -
Key words:
- Pelvic floor /
- Magnetic resonance imaging /
- Spastic pelvic floor syndrome
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图 1 盆底痉挛患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像 患者女性, 73岁, 排便困难40年, 需药物辅助排便。图中,A:未注入球囊前静息相,肛直角为130º(白色箭头所示)B:未注入球囊前力排相袁肛直角为120º(白色箭头所示); C:注入球囊后静息相, 肛直角为125º(白色箭头所示); D:注入球囊后力排相, 袁肛直角为107º(白色箭头所示);ARA; 肛直角。
Figure 1. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome while straining
图 2 盆底痉挛合并多盆腔脏器脱垂患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像患者女性,55岁,排便困难15个月,伴阴部神经痛。图中,A:未注入球囊前力排相,各个脏器均位于耻尾线以上;B:注入球囊后力排相,直肠前壁膨出(白色箭头所示),子宫颈及膀胱颈位于耻尾线上方;C:注入球囊后力排相,直肠内球囊排出后,子宫颈脱垂(白色箭头所示),膀胱颈脱垂(白色箭头所示)。
Figure 2. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome associated with multiple pelvic compartment abnormalities while straining
图 3 盆底痉挛合并多盆腔脏器脱垂患者真实稳态进动快速成像序列正中矢状位力排相图像患者女性,43岁,排便困难6个月,便后坠胀感。图中,A:未注入球囊前力排相,子宫颈轻度脱垂(黑色箭头所示),膀胱轻度脱垂(白色箭头所示);B:注入球囊后力排相,直肠前壁膨出(白色短箭头所示),子宫颈脱垂(黑色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约2.1 cm,膀胱颈脱垂(白色长箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.1 cm;C:注入球囊后力排相,直肠内球囊排出后,子宫颈脱垂(黑色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.8 cm,膀胱颈脱垂(白色箭头所示),位于耻尾线下方约3.6 cm。
Figure 3. Mid-sagittal true fast imaging with steady-state precession MRI of patient with spastic pelvic floor syndrome associated with multiple pelvic compartment abnormalities while straining
表 1 注入球囊前,后肛直角变化(例)
Table 1. Anorectal angle before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入球囊前 注入球囊后 合计 X2值 P值 肛直角 肛直角 增大 减小或不变 肛直角增大 6 5 11 0.603 0.219 肛直角减小或不变 1 41 42 合计 7 46 53 表 2 注入球囊前、后膀胱脱垂情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 2. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for cystocele before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 41 0 0 -2.714 0.007 轻度 9 1 0 中重度 0 2 0 表 3 注入球囊前、后子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 3. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for vaginal or cervical prolapse before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 35 0 0 -3.947 0.000 轻度 13 0 0 中度 4 1 0 表 4 注入球囊前、后直肠前膨出程度及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 4. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for rectocele before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 轻度 中度 阴性 35 0 0 -3.947 0.000 轻度 13 0 0 中度 4 1 0 表 5 注入球囊前、后会阴体下降情况及配对秩和检验(例)
Table 5. Wilcoxon rank-sum test for descending perineum before and after dynamic MRI with rectum injection
注入后 未注入前 Z值 P值 阴性 阳性 阴性 46 0 -2.646 0.008 阳性 7 0 -
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