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脑卒中是一组急性脑循环障碍所致的局限或全面性脑功能缺损综合征,具有发病率高、致残率高、病死率高和复发率高等特点,严重危害人们的生命健康和生活质量,给患者及社会带来沉重的负担,已经成为我国重大的公共卫生问题[1]。因此,应开展有效的一级预防措施,找出脑卒中的危险因素并进行干预,以降低脑卒中的发病率。
同型半胱氨酸(homocystenine,Hcy)是一种含硫氨基酸,是蛋氨酸的重要中间代谢产物,其水平主要由饮食摄入量和维生素水平决定。叶酸、维生素B12及B6的缺乏可引起血清Hcy水平的升高,某些遗传因素也可以引起高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)。临床上,多种疾病都与HHcy有关[2]。有试验和临床研究表明,HHcy会直接对心血管及神经系统产生毒性作用[3]。Hcy作为一个独立的心血管疾病危险因素之一,其检测具有重要意义[4]。
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834名脑卒中高危人群的基本情况及各暴露因素的暴露比例见表 1。
人口学特征 人数 比例(%) 性别 男 425 51.0 女 409 49.0 既往病史 既往脑卒中史 214 25.7 短暂性脑缺血发作 19 2.3 心脏病 271 32.5 糖尿病 215 25.8 高血压 628 75.3 血脂异常 413 49.5 生活方式 吸烟 450 54.0 缺乏体育锻炼 344 41.2 表 1 834名脑卒中高危人群的基本情况及危险因素分布情况
Table 1. The basic situation of the high-risk population and the distribution of risk factors in 834 cases of high-risk stroke people
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将834名脑卒中高危人群按年龄分组,不同组别的Hcy水平见表 2。
组别 年龄(岁) 人数 Hcy水平(μmol/L,x±s) A组 40~49 102 12.25±4.54 B组 50~59 263 14.01±6.67 C组 60~69 304 15.76±8.88 D组 ≥70 165 18.21±8.99 注:表中,Hcy:同型半胱氨酸。 表 2 834名脑卒中高危人群不同年龄组Hcy水平情况
Table 2. Hcy levels of different age groups in 834 cases of high-risk stroke people
以上各组的Hcy水平来自于正态分布总体,将其进行单因素方差分析,得到F=15.476,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。方差齐性检验得到P<0.05,因此多重比较采用Games-Howell方法,其结果见表 3,各组之间Hcy水平差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),可以认为随着年龄的增长Hcy水平也随之升高。
不同组别比较 均值差(绝对值) P值 A组vs. B组 1.764 0.021 A组vs. C组 3.517 0.000 A组vs. D组 5.961 0.000 B组vs. C组 1.752 0.038 B组vs. D组 4.196 0.000 C组vs. D组 2.444 0.026 注:表中,Hcy:同型半胱氨酸。 表 3 脑卒中高危人群不同年龄组Hcy水平多重比较结果
Table 3. The comparison results of Hcy among different age groups of high-risk stroke people
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本组研究中,男性HHcy者为376名(88.5%),而女性为300名(73.3%),男女比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.034,P<0.05)。另外,既往脑卒中史及吸烟者HHcy比例高于非暴露者,差异有统计学意义;TIA、心脏病、高血压、血脂异常及缺乏体育锻炼者与非暴露者比较,差异无统计学意义;而糖尿病者HHcy比例低于非暴露者,差异有统计学意义(表 4)。
影响因素 HHcy[人数(%)] χ2值 P值 非暴露者 暴露者 既往脑卒中史 487(78.5) 189(88.3) 9.888 0.002 TIA 662(81.2) 14(73.7) 0.688 0.407 心脏病 461(81.9) 215(79.3) 0.773 0.379 糖尿病 529(85.5) 147(68.4) 30.345 0.000 高血压 160(77.7) 516(82.2) 2.042 0.153 血脂异常 348(82.7) 328(79.4) 1.427 0.232 吸烟 287(74.7) 389(86.4) 18.486 0.000 缺乏体育锻炼 393(80.2) 283(82.3) 0.560 0.454 注:表中,HHcy:高同型半胱氨酸血症;TIA:短暂性脑缺血发作。 表 4 暴露者与非暴露者HHcy的比较
Table 4. The comparison of HHcy between exposed and non exposed people
将性别及表 4中的影响因素采用二元logistic回归分析,得到HHcy的独立危险因素有男性、吸烟及既往脑卒中史(表 5)。
危险因素 P值 OR 95%CI 男性 0.000 2.332 1.565~3.475 吸烟 0.029 1.537 1.044~2.261 既往脑卒中 0.005 1.946 1.220~3.103 表 5 HHcy独立危险因素的二元logistic回归分析
Table 5. The independent risk factors of hyperhomocys-teinemia were showed according to binary logistic regression
天津市834名社区脑卒中高危人群血清同型半胱氨酸水平及相关危险因素分析
Analysis of the serum homocysteine levels and the relevant risk factors of stroke on 834 high-risk community residents in Tianjin
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摘要:
目的 了解天津市河北区及东丽区40岁以上脑卒中高危人群危险因素、暴露水平及其人群分布特征, 探讨脑卒中高危人群血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及其影响因素。 方法 纳入脑卒中高危人群834名, 按年龄将其分为A组(40~49岁)、B组(50~59岁)、C组(60~69岁)和D组(≥70岁)。通过方差分析、χ2检验及二元logistic回归分析对数据进行分析。 结果 A组血清Hcy水平为(12.25±4.54)μmol/L, B组为(14.01±6.67)μmol/L, C组为(15.76±8.88)μmol/L, D组为(18.21±8.99)μmol/L, 随着年龄增长血清Hcy水平也随之升高(F=15.476, P < 0.05)。男性高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)比例高于女性(χ2=31.034, P < 0.05)。既往脑卒中史及吸烟者HHcy比例高于非暴露者(χ2=9.888和18.486, P均 < 0.05);短暂性脑缺血发作、心脏病、高血压、血脂异常及缺乏体育锻炼者HHcy比例与非暴露者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.688、0.773、2.042、1.427和0.560, P均>0.05);而糖尿病者HHcy比例低于非暴露者(χ2=30.345, P < 0.05)。logistic回归分析得到HHcy的独立危险因素包括男性(OR=2.332)、吸烟(OR=1.537)及既往脑卒中史(OR=1.946)。 结论 血清Hcy检测在脑卒中高危人群筛查中有重要价值, HHcy是脑卒中的独立危险因素之一。应对脑卒中高危人群进行科学的指导干预以降低脑卒中的发生率。 Abstract:Objective To identify the risk factors, level of exposure, and the population distribution in high-risk stroke people groups with age over 40 years in Hebei and Dongli Districts of Tianjin.To explore the level of serum homocystenine(Hcy) and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 834 high-risk cases were accepted and divided into groups A(40~49), B(50~59), C(60~69), and D(≥70) based on age.Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results The serum Hcy values were(12.25±4.54), (14.01±6.67), (15.76±8.88), and(18.21±8.99)μmol/L for groups A to D, respectively.The level of serum Hcy increased with increasing age(F=15.476, P < 0.05).The rate of males with hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) was significantly higher than that of females(χ2=31.034, P < 0.05).The rates in the exposed group with previous stroke history and smoking were significantly higher than those of the non-exposed group(χ2=9.888 and 18.486, both P < 0.05).The rates in exposed group with transient ischemic attack(TIA), heart disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and lack of physical exercise showed no significant difference with the non-exposed group(χ2=0.688, 0.773, 2.042, 1.427 and 0.560, all P>0.05), but the rate in exposed group with diabetes was significantly lower than nonexposed group(χ2=30.345, P < 0.05).The independent risk factors of HHcy were male(OR=2.332), smoking(OR=1.537), and previous stroke history(OR=1.946) according to the logistic regression. Conclusions The detection of serum Hcy is extremely important in screening high-risk populations for stroke.HHcy is an independent risk factor of stroke.It's important to take measures to reduce the incidence of stroke. -
Key words:
- Cerebrovascular accident /
- Risk factors /
- High-risk population /
- Serum homocystenine
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表 1 834名脑卒中高危人群的基本情况及危险因素分布情况
Table 1. The basic situation of the high-risk population and the distribution of risk factors in 834 cases of high-risk stroke people
人口学特征 人数 比例(%) 性别 男 425 51.0 女 409 49.0 既往病史 既往脑卒中史 214 25.7 短暂性脑缺血发作 19 2.3 心脏病 271 32.5 糖尿病 215 25.8 高血压 628 75.3 血脂异常 413 49.5 生活方式 吸烟 450 54.0 缺乏体育锻炼 344 41.2 表 2 834名脑卒中高危人群不同年龄组Hcy水平情况
Table 2. Hcy levels of different age groups in 834 cases of high-risk stroke people
组别 年龄(岁) 人数 Hcy水平(μmol/L,x±s) A组 40~49 102 12.25±4.54 B组 50~59 263 14.01±6.67 C组 60~69 304 15.76±8.88 D组 ≥70 165 18.21±8.99 注:表中,Hcy:同型半胱氨酸。 表 3 脑卒中高危人群不同年龄组Hcy水平多重比较结果
Table 3. The comparison results of Hcy among different age groups of high-risk stroke people
不同组别比较 均值差(绝对值) P值 A组vs. B组 1.764 0.021 A组vs. C组 3.517 0.000 A组vs. D组 5.961 0.000 B组vs. C组 1.752 0.038 B组vs. D组 4.196 0.000 C组vs. D组 2.444 0.026 注:表中,Hcy:同型半胱氨酸。 表 4 暴露者与非暴露者HHcy的比较
Table 4. The comparison of HHcy between exposed and non exposed people
影响因素 HHcy[人数(%)] χ2值 P值 非暴露者 暴露者 既往脑卒中史 487(78.5) 189(88.3) 9.888 0.002 TIA 662(81.2) 14(73.7) 0.688 0.407 心脏病 461(81.9) 215(79.3) 0.773 0.379 糖尿病 529(85.5) 147(68.4) 30.345 0.000 高血压 160(77.7) 516(82.2) 2.042 0.153 血脂异常 348(82.7) 328(79.4) 1.427 0.232 吸烟 287(74.7) 389(86.4) 18.486 0.000 缺乏体育锻炼 393(80.2) 283(82.3) 0.560 0.454 注:表中,HHcy:高同型半胱氨酸血症;TIA:短暂性脑缺血发作。 表 5 HHcy独立危险因素的二元logistic回归分析
Table 5. The independent risk factors of hyperhomocys-teinemia were showed according to binary logistic regression
危险因素 P值 OR 95%CI 男性 0.000 2.332 1.565~3.475 吸烟 0.029 1.537 1.044~2.261 既往脑卒中 0.005 1.946 1.220~3.103 -
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