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SAPHO综合征由Chamot等[1]于1987年首先提出,即滑膜炎(synovitis)、痤疮(acne)、掌跖脓疱病(palmoplantar pustulosis)、骨肥厚(hyperostosis)和骨炎(osteitis)多种病变的总称,临床较为少见。患者往往因为骨关节疼痛和(或)皮肤病变而就诊于某一专科,临床表现不具特异性,且实验室检查诊断价值有限[2-3],容易漏诊或误诊。18F-FDG PET/CT在该病中的应用国外多见于个例报道[4-9],国内尚未见PET/CT相关报道。本研究分析5例SAPHO综合征患者的PET/CT影像及临床特征,并进行文献复习,以期提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。
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5例患者以前胸壁和(或)脊柱受累部位疼痛而首次就诊,到PET/CT检查时持续平均时间为3.78年。2例女性患者在就诊期间有伴随皮肤病变(图 1中G),1例女性患者伴右侧肋-胸-锁关节区肿胀。3例患者有ESR和CRP水平升高。1例患者HLA-B27为阳性,4例患者为阴性。5例患者RF、ENA多肽抗体谱和ANCA均为阴性(表 1)。
图 1 患者女性,71岁,SAPHO综合征18F-FDG PET/CT图像图中,A为PET最大密度投影图像;B和C为PET/ CT融合图像,PET/CT融合图像见胸10椎体间盘连接面骨质破坏区18F-FDG摄取增高,右侧胸锁关节周围软组织18F-FDG摄取增高(白色实箭头),左侧锁骨骨肥厚及骨炎形成(白色虚箭头);D和E为同平面矢状位CT和PET图像,CT见多个椎体间盘面虫蚀状破坏且周围骨质硬化;PET显示除胸10椎体外,受累胸骨柄体关节及脊柱多数未见明显18F-FDG摄取;F为颈椎矢状位CT图像,多个颈椎椎体骨质硬化,累及大部分或全部椎体,椎间隙变窄、骨性融合,前后纵韧带骨化(白色箭头);G为患者食指脓疱愈合过程中形成深褐色脓点,并结痂、脱屑。
Figure 1. 18-FDG PET/CT images of SAPHO syndrome
患者 性别 年龄
(岁)首诊症状/就诊过程中
是否伴随皮肤病变实验室检查 发病到PET/CT
检查持续时间(年)1 女 71 前胸壁、颈背部疼痛/第1、2远节指骨指腹、大鱼际脓疱病* ESR为34 mm/h,CRP为7.18 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 11 2 男 64 腰部疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为14 mm/h,CRP为4.41 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 3.2 3 女 74 前胸壁疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为17 mm/h,CRP为4.79 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 1.8 4 女 68 右胸锁关节区肿胀伴疼痛/第1、2、3远节趾骨、跖骨掌面脓疱病* ESR为23 mm/h,CRP为13.1 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 2.4 5 男 59 腰部疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为42 mm/h,CRP为18.56 m//L,HLA-B27阳性,RF、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 0.5 平均 67.2 - - 3.78ф 表中,患者1曾进行左侧锁骨穿刺活检,病理提示骨髓炎。*患者1和患者4在PET/CT检查时仍表现皮肤脓疱病,并且既往有多次出现并自然消退的情况。ESR:红细胞沉降率;CRP:C-反应蛋白;RF:类风湿因子;HLA-B27:人类白细胞抗原B27;ENA:可提取性核抗原;ANCA:抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体。ф由于病例数较少,从发病到PET/CT诊断的平均持续时间可能不具有统计学意义。 表 1 5例SAPHO综合征患者临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of 5 patients with SAPHO syndrome
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5例患者均有前胸壁和脊柱受累。前胸壁受累包括11个关节(其中胸锁关节7个、胸肋关节2个、胸骨柄体联合2个),1例锁骨骨髓炎和骨肥大。脊柱受累1例涉及单个椎体,其余4例患者涉及多个椎体,共35个椎体受累(共涉及58处间盘侧椎体骨性关节面)。
CT表现为受累前胸壁骨性关节面和椎体间盘侧骨质虫蚀状侵蚀或孔洞状骨质破坏,伴随骨质硬化。此外,关节间隙狭窄、关节骨性融合,关节周围软组织肿胀、增厚和钙化亦可见。PET显像见前胸壁骨关节(6/11)及椎体间盘连接处(17/58)共23处表现18F-FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为1.76~9.74,其余受累骨关节18F-FDG摄取类似或低于邻近同类组织。1例患者CT表现锁骨骨肥大、骨髓炎,PET见18F-FDG摄取,SUVmax为2.68(图 1~图 2)。
SAPHO综合征18F-FDG PET/CT显像和临床分析
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and clinical features of SAPHO syndrome
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摘要:
目的 分析滑膜炎、痤疮、掌跖脓疱病、骨肥厚、骨炎(SAPHO)综合征18F-FDG PET/CT影像及临床特征。 方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年8月行PET/CT检查的5例SAPHO综合征患者, 并复习相关文献。诊断依据kahn标准。 结果 (1) 临床分析显示, 5例患者以骨关节疼痛或皮肤病变就诊。2例患者伴随皮肤病变, 3例患者C-反应蛋白和红细胞沉降率水平升高, 1例患者人白细胞抗原B27阳性。5例患者类风湿因子、可提取性核抗原多肽抗体谱和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体均为阴性, 平均诊断周期为3.78年。(2)PET/CT影像:5例患者均有前胸壁和脊柱受累。前胸壁受累包括胸锁关节、胸肋关节、胸骨柄体关节, 共11个关节, 1例锁骨肥大和骨髓炎。脊柱受累1例表现涉及单椎体, 其余4例表现涉及多个椎体, 共35个椎体受累, 涉及58个椎体间盘连接处。CT表现为关节面或椎间盘连接面虫蚀状、孔洞状骨质破坏, 周围相对广泛骨质硬化, 硬化甚至涉及整个椎体。部分受累关节间隙变窄, 甚至关节骨性融合。关节周围软组织的肿胀、增厚或钙化亦可被观察到。PET显像见6处前胸壁骨关节(6/11)和17处椎体间盘连接处(17/58)18F-FDG摄取增高, SUVmax为1.76~9.74, 骨硬化区和其余受累骨关节18F-FDG摄取类似或低于邻近正常同类组织。1例患者CT见锁骨肥大、骨髓炎, PET可见18F-FDG摄取, SUVmax为2.68。 结论 前胸壁骨关节和脊柱是SAPHO综合征最常见受累部位, 可伴有或不伴皮肤病变。PET/CT扫描能发现更多隐匿性病灶, 发现活动性炎性病灶并能有效排除肿瘤。 -
关键词:
- 获得性骨肥大综合征 /
- 骨 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术, X线计算机 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18
Abstract:Objective To analyze the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and the clinical features of patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis(SAPHO) syndrome and improved the diagnosis and awareness level about the disease. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the PET/CT images and clinical features of five patients(including 3 females and 2 males; age range: 59-74 years old; average age: 67.2 years old) with SAPHO syndrome, as well as reviewed relevant literature. The PET/CT examinations were performed from March 2011 to August 2013. SAPHO syndrome was diagnosed through biopsy, imaging, follow-up results, and according to the Kahe Standard. Results (1) Clinic: Five patients sought treatment in the hospital for bone joint pain or skin lesions. Two of the five patients had no skin lesions, three patients exhibited elevated serum CRP and ESR levels, and one patient was positive for HLA-B27. Rheumatoid factor, extractable nuclear antigen peptide antibody spectrum and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative in 5 patients. The average diagnosis period was 3.78 years. (2)PET/CT imaging: Five patients showed anterior chest wall and spine involvement. Anterior chest wall involvement included 11 bone joints, such as the sternoclavicular joint, sternocostal joint, and sternal-body joint. One patient showed hypertrophy and osteomyelitis of the clavicle. Only one patient showed an involvement of a single vertebra, whereas the others showed an involvement of multiple sites of the spine, including 35 vertebra and 58 vertebral disc connections. The CT revealed the worm-eaten and hole-shaped bone destruction on the articular surface of the anterior chest wall and intervertebral disc junction. They were surrounded by relatively extensive osteosclerosis, even involving the entire vertebral body. The partially involved joints also showed joint space narrowing and even joint bone fusion. In addition, swelling, thickening, and calcification of periarticular soft tissues were observed. The PET revealed that only a part of the involved bone joints of anterior chest wall lesions(6/11) and intervertebral disc junctions(17/58) exhibited an increased 18F-FDG uptake, and the SUVmax ranged from 1.76 to 9.74. 18F-FDG uptake of the other involved bone joint lesions was similar or lower than that of the adjacent similar organization. The clavicle with hypertrophy and osteomyelitis in the patient showed an 18F-FDG uptake SUVmax of 2.68. Conclusion The anterior chest wall and spine are the common sites of involvement in SAPHO syndrome patients with or without skin lesions. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan can reveal more occult lesions and active inflammation as well as effectively exclude neoplastic lesions. -
图 1 患者女性,71岁,SAPHO综合征18F-FDG PET/CT图像图中,A为PET最大密度投影图像;B和C为PET/ CT融合图像,PET/CT融合图像见胸10椎体间盘连接面骨质破坏区18F-FDG摄取增高,右侧胸锁关节周围软组织18F-FDG摄取增高(白色实箭头),左侧锁骨骨肥厚及骨炎形成(白色虚箭头);D和E为同平面矢状位CT和PET图像,CT见多个椎体间盘面虫蚀状破坏且周围骨质硬化;PET显示除胸10椎体外,受累胸骨柄体关节及脊柱多数未见明显18F-FDG摄取;F为颈椎矢状位CT图像,多个颈椎椎体骨质硬化,累及大部分或全部椎体,椎间隙变窄、骨性融合,前后纵韧带骨化(白色箭头);G为患者食指脓疱愈合过程中形成深褐色脓点,并结痂、脱屑。
Figure 1. 18-FDG PET/CT images of SAPHO syndrome
表 1 5例SAPHO综合征患者临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of 5 patients with SAPHO syndrome
患者 性别 年龄
(岁)首诊症状/就诊过程中
是否伴随皮肤病变实验室检查 发病到PET/CT
检查持续时间(年)1 女 71 前胸壁、颈背部疼痛/第1、2远节指骨指腹、大鱼际脓疱病* ESR为34 mm/h,CRP为7.18 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 11 2 男 64 腰部疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为14 mm/h,CRP为4.41 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 3.2 3 女 74 前胸壁疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为17 mm/h,CRP为4.79 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 1.8 4 女 68 右胸锁关节区肿胀伴疼痛/第1、2、3远节趾骨、跖骨掌面脓疱病* ESR为23 mm/h,CRP为13.1 mg/L,RF、HLA-B27、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 2.4 5 男 59 腰部疼痛/不伴皮肤病变 ESR为42 mm/h,CRP为18.56 m//L,HLA-B27阳性,RF、ENA多肽抗体谱及ANCA为阴性 0.5 平均 67.2 - - 3.78ф 表中,患者1曾进行左侧锁骨穿刺活检,病理提示骨髓炎。*患者1和患者4在PET/CT检查时仍表现皮肤脓疱病,并且既往有多次出现并自然消退的情况。ESR:红细胞沉降率;CRP:C-反应蛋白;RF:类风湿因子;HLA-B27:人类白细胞抗原B27;ENA:可提取性核抗原;ANCA:抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体。ф由于病例数较少,从发病到PET/CT诊断的平均持续时间可能不具有统计学意义。 -
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