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自1895年伦琴发现X射线以来,放射医学经历了近120年的发展历程,已成为医学中的一门重要学科。microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长19~22个核酸的内源性非编码小RNA,存在于绝大多数动植物中,在进化中高度保守,其表达既具有时空特异性,也具有组织和细胞的特异性,可通过作用于靶mRNA的3’UTR(3’非翻译区)使其靶基因降解或抑制其翻译,广泛地参与调节细胞增殖、分化、代谢和凋亡等生命活动[1-2]。笔者就miRNAs及其在放射医学研究中的应用作一概述。
miRNAs在放射医学研究中的应用
MicroRNAs and their applications in radiation medicine
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摘要: microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性的非编码RNA,通过与靶mRNA特异性的结合而导致靶mRNA降解或抑制其翻译,对基因进行转录后调控,进而影响各种生命活动。大量研究表明,miRNAs与辐射致癌效应、辐射增敏效应、肿瘤辐射抗拒和辐射旁效应密切相关,已成为放射医学研究的热点。笔者就miRNAs及其在放射医学研究中的应用作一综述。Abstract: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs, which can degrade their target mRNAs or inhibit their translation by binding to their target mRNAs specifically. MiRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and then are involved in diverse physiological activities. Many studies has shown that miRNAs are closely related with radiation carcinogenesis, radiosensitivity, radioresistance and radiation-induced bystander effects, and have being a hotspot in radiation-medicine research. This review focuses on the introduction of miRNAs and their applications in radiation medicine.
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Key words:
- MicroRNAs /
- Radiation medicine /
- Radiation carcinogenesis /
- Radiosensitivity /
- Radioresistance
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