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核医学检查是目前临床最常用的诊断肺栓塞的无创检查手段之一。传统的肺通气/灌注(ventilation-perfusion,V/Q)平面显像对肺栓塞的检出率为50%~80%[1],且“不能确定”的结果较常见[2]。尤其是在部分患者因呼吸困难、通气功能差或通气检查所需时间太长等原因而无法配合完成通气显像时,或在通气显像质量不能满足诊断需求等情况时,其对肺栓塞的检出率明显下降。为了提高肺栓塞的检出率,肺灌注断层显像与低剂量平扫CT相结合(以下简称肺Q SPECT/CT)成了一种新的探索方式。本研究试图通过对69例临床可疑肺栓塞患者的肺V/Q平面显像与肺Q SPECT/CT结果进行比较,对肺Q SPECT/CT是否能提高肺栓塞的检出率做出判定。
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69例患者中,有43例被诊断为肺栓塞,占62.32%(43/69);26例排除肺栓塞。两种方法对肺栓塞诊断的阳性数、阴性数见表 1。
显像方法 临床最终确诊结果 总计 阳性 阴性 肺V/Q平面显像 阳性 34 5 39 阴性 9 21 30 总计 43 26 69 肺Q SPECT/CT 阳性 40 9 49 阴性 3 17 20 总计 43 26 69 注:表中,肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 1 两种显像方法与临床最终确诊结果(例)
Table 1. Two imaging methods and the final clinical diagnosis results
其中两种方法共同得出假阴性数3例;肺V/Q平面显像得出假阴性而肺Q SPECT/CT得出真阳性6例(图 1)。
图 1 肺栓塞患者肺通气/灌注平面显像、肺灌注SPECT/CT显像图
Figure 1. Pictures of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion planar imaging, pulmonary perfusion SPECT combining with low-dose CT of pulmonary embolism patients
肺Q SPECT/CT对肺栓塞诊断的灵敏度(93.02%)、准确率(82.61%)、阴性预测值(85.00%)及与临床最终确诊结果的Kappa值(0.612)均较肺V/Q平面显像(79.07%、79.71%、70.00%、0.581)高。肺Q SPECT/CT对伴有COPD的肺栓塞患者的诊断特异度(65.38%)较传统的肺V/Q平面显像(80.77%)低(图 2)。
图 2 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺通气/灌注平面显像和肺灌注SPECT/CT图
Figure 2. Pictures of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion planar imaging and pulmonary perfusion SPECT combining with low-dose CT of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
排除COPD病例后,肺Q SPECT/CT对肺栓塞诊断的特异度(80.95%)较肺V/Q平面显像(76.19%)高。
两种方法在包含COPD病例及排除COPD的影响后,各自详细的诊断效能结果见表 2和表 3。两种显像方法对肺栓塞患者的诊断结果见表 4。
显像方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 肺V/Q平面显像 79.07 80.77 79.71 87.18 70.00 肺Q SPECT/CT 93.02 65.38 82.61 81.63 85.00 注:表中,COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病;肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 2 肺栓塞患者合并COPD时两种不同显像方法的诊断效能指标(%)
Table 2. Diagnostic performance of the two different imaging methods in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%)
显像方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 肺V/Q平面显像 79.07 76.19 78.12 87.18 64.00 肺Q SPECT/CT 93.02 80.95 89.06 90.91 85.00 注:表中,COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病;肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 3 肺栓塞患者排除了合并COPD后两种不同显像方法的诊断效能(%)
Table 3. Diagnostic performance of the two different imaging methods in pulmonary embolism patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%)
肺V/Q平面显像 肺Q SPECT/CT 总计 阳性 阴性 阳性 39 0 39 阴性 10 20 30 总计 49 20 69 注:表中,肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 4 两种不同显像方法对肺栓塞患者的诊断结果(例)
Table 4. Pulmonary embolism patients diagnostic results by two different imaging methods
两种方法检出肺栓塞的一致性为85.00%(34/40),用配对χ2检验对两种方法的检出率进行对比发现,二者对肺栓塞的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.10,P < 0.005)。
肺通气/灌注平面显像与肺灌注SPECT/CT对肺栓塞诊断价值的对比性研究
Comparative study of pulmonary ventilation/perfusion planar imaging and pulmonary perfusion SPECT combined with low-dose CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
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摘要:
目的 探讨传统的肺通气/灌注(V/Q)平面显像、肺灌注断层显像与低剂量平扫CT相结合(肺Q SPECT/CT)对肺栓塞的诊断价值。 方法 收集69例临床可疑肺栓塞患者,在对其行肺V/Q平面显像的同时,进行了肺Q SPECT/CT显像。以临床最终确诊结果为金标准,对两种方法的诊断结果进行对比分析。 结果 69例临床可疑肺栓塞患者,最终确诊43例,排除26例。肺Q SPECT/CT对肺栓塞诊断的灵敏度、准确率、阴性预测值及与临床最终确诊结果的Kappa值均较肺V/Q平面显像高;肺Q SPECT/CT对合并有慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的病例诊断的特异度较肺V/Q平面显像低。排除COPD病例的影响后,肺Q SPECT/CT的特异度明显提高,且高于肺V/Q平面显像的特异度。两种方法检出肺栓塞的一致性为85%(34/40),且两种方法检出率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.10,P < 0.05)。 结论 肺Q SPECT/CT明显提高了对不伴有COPD的肺栓塞患者的诊断价值,用肺Q SPECT/CT取代肺V/Q平面显像值得商榷。 Abstract:Objective To study the value of traditional pulmonary ventilation-perfusion(V/Q)planar imaging and pulmonary perfusion SPECT combining with low-dose CT(Q SPECT/CT) in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Methods Sixty nine patients with suspected pulmonary embolism were collected. Pulmonary V/Q planar imaging was performed in all the patients, meanwhile, pulmonary Q SPECT/CT was taken. Taking the final clinical diagnosis results as the gold standards and then compared and analyzed the diagnosis results of the two methods. Results Among the 69 suspected pulmonary embolism patients, 43 cases were confirmed, 26 excluded. The sensitivity, accuracy, negative predictive value and the Kappa value of the final clinical diagnosis result of pulmonary Q SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism were all higher than those of V/Q planar imaging. While, the diagnostic specificity in those patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) operated by pulmonary Q SPECT/CT was lower than that of V/Q planar imaging. After adjusting the impact of COPD patients, the specificity of pulmonary Q SPECT/CT improved obviously, and was higher than that of V/Q planar imaging. The consistency of pulmonary embolism detection rate by the two methods was 85%(34/40)and the difference of the detection rate between the two methods was significant(χ2=8.10, P < 0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary Q SPECT/CT obviously improved the diagnostic value of pulmonary embolism without COPD, so it should be deliberated whether it takes the place of the V/Q planar imaging. -
Key words:
- Pulmonary embolism /
- Pulmonary disease /
- chronic obstructive /
- Radionulide imaging /
- Tomography /
- emission-computed /
- single-photon /
- Tomography /
- X-ray computed
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表 1 两种显像方法与临床最终确诊结果(例)
Table 1. Two imaging methods and the final clinical diagnosis results
显像方法 临床最终确诊结果 总计 阳性 阴性 肺V/Q平面显像 阳性 34 5 39 阴性 9 21 30 总计 43 26 69 肺Q SPECT/CT 阳性 40 9 49 阴性 3 17 20 总计 43 26 69 注:表中,肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 2 肺栓塞患者合并COPD时两种不同显像方法的诊断效能指标(%)
Table 2. Diagnostic performance of the two different imaging methods in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%)
显像方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 肺V/Q平面显像 79.07 80.77 79.71 87.18 70.00 肺Q SPECT/CT 93.02 65.38 82.61 81.63 85.00 注:表中,COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病;肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 3 肺栓塞患者排除了合并COPD后两种不同显像方法的诊断效能(%)
Table 3. Diagnostic performance of the two different imaging methods in pulmonary embolism patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%)
显像方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 肺V/Q平面显像 79.07 76.19 78.12 87.18 64.00 肺Q SPECT/CT 93.02 80.95 89.06 90.91 85.00 注:表中,COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病;肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 表 4 两种不同显像方法对肺栓塞患者的诊断结果(例)
Table 4. Pulmonary embolism patients diagnostic results by two different imaging methods
肺V/Q平面显像 肺Q SPECT/CT 总计 阳性 阴性 阳性 39 0 39 阴性 10 20 30 总计 49 20 69 注:表中,肺V/Q平面显像:肺通气/灌注平面显像;肺Q SPECT/CT:肺灌注SPECT/CT。 -
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