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直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(rectal neuroendocrine tumor,RNET)是起源于直肠神经内分泌细胞的一类肿瘤,在直肠所有肿瘤中占1%~2%,常发生于60~70岁人群,早期症状不典型,约半数患者不会出现明显症状而仅在常规肠镜检查中偶然被发现[1]。RNET具有和直肠腺癌不同的病理学特征及治疗方案,该病早期的发现、诊断和治疗对提高患者的生存率有重要价值。本研究分析了21例RNET患者的CT影像学特征及鉴别要点,为提高RNET的诊断提供参考依据。
直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的CT诊断
Diagnosis of rectal neuroendocrine tumor using CT
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摘要:
目的 探讨直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(RNET)的CT影像学表现特征及诊断要点。 方法 回顾性分析21例经内镜活检或手术后病理证实的RNET患者的临床及CT影像学资料,总结其诊断及鉴别要点。 结果 在21例RNET患者中,典型类癌为8例、不典型类癌为3例、低分化神经内分泌癌/小细胞癌为10例。CT平扫显示病灶呈结节状软组织密度影突向直肠肠腔内,边界清晰,密度均匀,增强后动脉期明显强化,门脉期强化程度略减低。其中,18例患者的病灶突破直肠浆膜侵犯周围脂肪组织;16例患者出现直肠周围淋巴结转移;2例患者出现肝脏转移。 结论 RNET的CT影像学表现具有一定的特异度,但最终诊断仍需根据临床病理及免疫组化的结果来确定。 -
关键词:
- 直肠 /
- 神经内分泌瘤 /
- 体层摄影术, X线计算机
Abstract:Objective To investigate CT imaging features of rectal neuroendocrine tumor (RNET) and identify its diagnostic features. Methods CT imaging data of 21 RNET cases confirmed by endoscopy or surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 21 cases, 8 were typical carcinoid, 3 were atypical carcinoid, and 10 were poorly differentiated neuroendocrine/small cell carcinoma. The lesions in the lumen were soft nodular-like tissue on plain CT with clear margin and homogeneous density. Enhancement rendered the arterial phase evident and the venous phase moderately visible. A total of 18 cases showed growth in the serous membrane and invasion in the fat around the rectum, 16 cases showed lymph node metastasis around the rectum, and 2 cases exhibited liver metastasis. Conclusions A number of CT imaging features specifically characterized neuroendocrine tumors; however, definitive diagnosis still relies on pathological diagnosis. -
Key words:
- Rectum /
- Neuroendocrine tumors /
- X-ray computed tomography
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图 1 直肠低分化神经内分泌癌/小细胞神经内分泌癌CT表现 患者女性,45岁,病理证实为直肠低分化神经内分泌癌/小细胞神经内分泌癌。图中,A:稀钡剂灌肠平扫轴位像,显示直肠内突向肠腔的类圆形结节病灶,CT值为54 HU;B与A为同层面的病灶,增强动脉期明显强化,CT为值116 HU;C与A为同层面的病灶,增强门脉期强化程度减低,CT值为97 HU;D:增强动脉期图像,子宫后方结节灶证实为淋巴结转移(黑色箭头所示);E:门脉期示肝内多发转移瘤;F:肠镜下直肠壁隆起结节。
Figure 1. CT imagings of rectal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine/small cell carcinoma from the same patient
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