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传统离体组织病理学细胞示踪的方法是在不同的时间点杀死多只动物,取其离体靶组织进行标记染色,从而简要了解细胞在生物体内迁徙等的基本情况,传统的细胞示踪无法实现无创、实时、动态观察同一动物体内标记细胞的迁徙过程,离体状态下所取得的结论与活体状态下难免有一定的偏差,这在一定程度上制约了细胞治疗疗效及机制的研究探讨。
Weissleder和Mahmood[1]于2001年提出分子影像学的概念,即在活体状态下,在细胞和分子水平上实时定性及定量检测活体细胞内某些生物学特征,可观察到疾病早期的细胞分子水平的异常变化,而不是对最终的形态学变化成像,达到对疾病早期检测的目的,这也是分子影像学相对于传统影像学最大的优势所在。Weissleder[2]同时指出活体示踪比传统的示踪检测更具挑战性,因为它同时需要4个方面的努力研究探索:①活体内合适的亲和配体即分子探针;②高效的器官靶向定位;③目标区域灵敏的信号放大系统;④高分辨率和高敏感度的成像系统。至此,分子影像学的发展使得活体细胞示踪技术进入新阶段。
目前活体细胞示踪成像技术主要有光学成像(optical imaging,OI)、MRI和核医学分子成像,每种示踪技术均有各自特殊的优势与劣势,而细胞示踪技术的选择主要取决于特定的研究目的和所要证明的假设。
细胞示踪影像学技术的发展
he development of cell tracking technology
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摘要: 随着细胞治疗的不断深入,采取有效的活体细胞示踪技术评价细胞治疗后的疗效并监测移植细胞的分化增殖、迁移及生存状况,对细胞治疗后脏器功能改善机制的深入研究及指导未来细胞治疗的临床应用显得尤为重要,因此活体细胞示踪成像技术成为细胞治疗由基础研究到临床应用推广的关键技术之一。笔者主要就当前细胞示踪影像技术(主要是MRI及光学成像)的发展及其可行性作一综述。Abstract: As the cell therapy moves forward, adopting effective cell tracking techniques in living cells plays an important role in evaluating curative effects after cell therapy and monitoring differentiation and proliferation, migration and survival status of transplanted cells, which hold promise and potential to address many unmet clinical needs. So cell tracking technique in vivo is one of crucial techniques to transform cell therapy from basic research to clinical promoted application. This article is mainly to overview recent development and feasibility of cell tracking with optical and MR imaging.
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