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肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在所有恶性肿瘤中其病死率位居世界第3位[1]。中国是肝癌的高发地区,在我国其发生率约为30.3/10万,每年约有14万人死于该病[2]。其特点是发病隐匿,早期无明显症状及体征,发现时大多出现远处转移,因此早期诊断尤为重要。在我国,HCC大部分由慢性乙型肝炎引起,往往合并有肝硬化,早期诊断主要依靠超声和血甲胎蛋白定量检测,但由于存在肝硬化结节,且肝炎活动期容易影响甲胎蛋白值,使得早期HCC的诊断较为困难。虽然CT与MRI对肝癌的检出率较高,但易受局部解剖位置的影响,无法对全身肿瘤侵袭情况与生物学性状进行评估[3-4]。PET/CT作为新型、无创伤性的影像学显像技术,同时提供了功能和解剖信息,并可行全身扫描,更有利于了解肿瘤的性质及分期。
PET/CT的原理是将发射正电子的核素标记在一些生理代谢底物上,如葡萄糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、受体的配体及水等注射入人体内后,应用PET接收放射性核素在体内发射出的正电子并进行成像,显示组织或脏器的代谢活性及受体的功能与分布,进而反映肿瘤分子信息的变化。
PET/CT显像在肝细胞肝癌诊断中的研究进展
The development of PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
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摘要: 肝细胞肝癌病死率很高,常规诊断发现时多是中晚期。PET/CT作为一种新型的影像学检查技术,为分子水平上的功能成像。近年来,PET/CT在肝细胞肝癌的诊断、预后及疗效判断方面取得了一定的进展,发挥越来越重要的作用。联合应用多种示踪剂可以提高PET/CT显像对肝细胞肝癌诊断的灵敏度和特异度。笔者就以上方面的进展作一综述。
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关键词:
- 癌,肝细胞 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18 /
- 乙酸盐类 /
- 磷脂酰胆碱类 /
- 核酸类
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma have high fatality rate and be diagnosed already in middle or late period with other common methods. PET/CT is a new kind of imaging examination technique, as a functional imaging of the molecular level. PET/CT has made certain progress in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation, which play an increasingly important role in recent years. Combined use of a variety of tracer can improve PET/CT imaging for HCC diagnosis sensitivity and specific degrees. This article aimed to explore the progress on the aspects above reviewed. -
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