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外泌体(Exosomes)是一种在细胞内形成并分泌到细胞外的具有膜结构的小囊泡体,直径约为40~100 nm。有研究显示,癌细胞比正常细胞分泌更多的外泌体,肿瘤细胞间可以通过外泌体的转运促进癌基因、多种功能性分子(致癌蛋白,细胞因子等)及肿瘤相关microRNAs(如miR-21,miR-92)的相互转运引起肿瘤微环境的改变和重编程,从而对肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭及转移产生影响[1]。最新研究发现,电离辐射等因素可以改变肿瘤细胞外泌体的分泌,从而促进肿瘤的侵袭及转移[2]。本文主要对肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体的生物合成与分泌机制、外泌体的功能及辐射诱导的外泌体在肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移中的作用等进行概述。
辐射诱导的外泌体在肿瘤细胞侵袭转移中的作用
The role of radiation-induced exosomes in tumor invasion and metastasis
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摘要: 外泌体(Exosomes)是一种在细胞内形成并分泌到细胞外的具有膜结构的小囊泡体,直径约为40~100 nm,内含大量microRNAs(miRNAs)及蛋白质,可通过信息传递在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。肿瘤细胞通过外泌体可以促进癌基因、功能蛋白分子、肿瘤相关miRNAs的转移,引起肿瘤微环境的改变和重编程,对肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭及转移产生影响。笔者对肿瘤外泌体的结构特点、生物合成与分泌机制,特别是辐射诱导的外泌体在肿瘤细胞侵袭转移中的作用进行综述。Abstract: Exosomes are small membrane vesicles with a size of 40~100 nm in diameter released ubiquitously by cells. They contain a large amount of microRNAs and proteins and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Tumor cells can release more exosomes than normal cells. These exosomes influence tumor environment by transferring proteins, RNAs, and lipids between cells, thus aiding invasion and metastasis. This paper reviewed the structure characteristics, biogenesis, secretion pathway, and the function of radiation-induced exosomes and discussed its role in tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Key words:
- Tumor /
- Irradiation /
- Exosomes /
- Invasiveness /
- Metastasis
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